High-resolution sedimentary record of hydrocarbon contaminants in a core from the major reaches of the Pearl River, China

The concentrations and compositions of hydrocarbon contaminants, and molecularmarker indices in modern sediments from a core in the major reaches of the Pearl River were investigated. The sedimentary record of hydrocarbons in the core, in combination with 210pb-dating,was used to reconstruct the pollution history of hydrocarbon pollutants in the Pearl River in the past 100 years.     

城市雨水径流污染负荷计算及评价模型

以苏南某城市一小区为例,运用最小二乘原理,通过共扼梯度法。确定了城市雨水径流污染负荷模型的参数,并经验证具有良好的精度．为受纳水体的污染进行评价、控制和规划提供了量化数据．     

浅析植物护坡的水文效应

在国内外大量研究成果的基础上,概述了国内外有关植物茎叶与截留量关系方面的研究进展,系统阐述了植物的降雨截留作用、消弱溅蚀、固结作用、抑制地表径流等水文效应。     

不同类型降雨公路径流中颗粒粒径及污染物的分布特性

在对南京机场高速禄口高架桥段雨天路面径流水质进行连续监测的基础上,考察了不同粒径段颗粒分布,重点分析了颗粒粒径分布随径流过程的变化特征及其与污染物分布的关系,并探讨了温度和pH值对粒径分布的影响.结果表明,径流中粒径小于75 μm的颗粒较多,其中0.45～20μm粒径段的颗粒最多,占总颗粒的37.5%.小雨事件中,粒径...     

Recent glacial retreat and its effect on water resources in eastern Xinjiang

The eastern Xinjiang Basin is desperately short of water. Most rivers in the basin originate in the high eastern Tianshan, which has abundant precipitation and numerous alpine glaciers. Fieldwork conducted on three reference glaciers around Mt. Bogda in 1981 and 2009 suggests that they all strongly melt in summer, a process that has tended to accelerate in recent decades. Based on topographic maps from 1962 and 1972 and 2005/2006 satellite imagery, we investigated 203 glaciers near Mt. Bogda and 75 glaciers near Mt. Harlik. The results show that the surface area of the Mt. Bogda glaciers decreased by 21.6% (0.49% a?1) from 1962 to 2006. This was accompanied by a 181 m decrease in length and a 28% drop in ice volume. In the Mt. Harlik region, areal extent was reduced by 10.5% (0.32% a?1), length by 166 m, and volume by 14% between 1972 and 2005. South-facing glaciers lost more of their area than those that are north facing, yielding an areal loss of 25.3% and 16.9% for southern and northern slopes of Mt. Bogda, respectively, and 12.3% and 6.6% for the comparable slopes of Mt. Harlik. Glaciers smaller than 0.5 km2 in area experienced the strongest retreat, whereas glaciers larger than 2 km2 in area experienced gentle recession but may be the main contributors in the future to river runoff. Glacial ablation in eastern Xinjiang tends to be strong, and the water resources in this region are deteriorating. Also, a heavy reduction in the capacity of the local karez system, as well as a significant change in river runoff, can be related to glacial retreat. Combined, this will adversely affect the downstream city of Urumqi and the Turfan Basin.     

坡面土壤分散—径流挟沙动力学模型及应用

将坡面土壤侵蚀过程中的受力状态变化分为粘聚态、分散态、挟沙扩散态三种动力结构状态,揭示出土壤分散与径流挟沙的动力学机理;建立降雨、径流、土壤水、入渗、土壤阻力等动力—能量转化方程,进而建立以土壤分散、径流挟沙物理模型为核心的坡面土壤侵蚀动力学模型及参数体系,研发出土壤侵蚀动力学模型基本参数的有效辨识途径与方法.利用陕西...     

基于物理机制的分布式水文模型对三峡区间径流的模拟

基于物理机制的分布式水文模型是无水文资料区域的径流模拟的一种有效手段,在对模拟效果的评价中,区间流域水文资料的短缺成为限制条件。针对此问题,该文以三峡区间径流模拟的效果评价为实例,借助区间模拟入流对干流洪峰的模拟作用,对其进行分析和评价。基于三峡区间GBHM(geomorphology-based hydrological model)分布式水文模型,模拟1989~2000年期间的区间径流,为三峡库区河道的HEC-RAS(hydrologic engineering center-river analysissystem)洪水演进模型提供侧向入流资料。比较计入和不计入区间模拟径流2种情况下库区河道洪峰流量的模拟误差,分析GBHM水文模型对区间径流的模拟效果。结果表明:在库区河道洪峰中区间径流占50%的洪水场次中,基于GBHM模型模拟的区间径流,可使洪峰的模拟精度提高到90%以上。基于物理机制的分布式水文模型对三峡区间径流的模拟,具有明显的作用。     

北部湾入海径流研究展望

北部湾属于大陆架上的一个浅海湾,入海河流众多。每年夏季汛期,流入北部湾的入海径流形成的冲淡水在湾内构成独特的夏季型水文分布特征,给海湾生态环境和动力环境带来巨大影响。然而,北部湾入海径流对广西海域生态系统影响的研究至今仍未引起关注。2015-2017年,课题组针对风对北部湾入海径流扩散的影响展开研究,揭示了一些现象和特征,但对入海径流复杂影响的认识还远远不够,且目前的研究也仅限于广西近海,范围十分有限,得出的结论其代表性显然不足。所以,鉴于北部湾特殊的地理位置,可借助数值模型计算结合具有针对性的观测数据的研究方法,将广西近海与北部湾全海湾联合在一起,深入研究越南红河入海径流与中国广西沿岸入海径流联合作用对北部湾北部生态系统环境的影响,找出影响北部湾北部海域海洋初级生产力高值区形成,以及广西沿海高浓度氮、磷营养水体来源的主要原因,为广西近海良好生态系统的建立提供科学依据。这既是今后广西入海径流研究的方向,更是急需开展研究的新课题。     

城市地表产流特性与计算方法分析

分析了城市地表雨水产流特性,讨论了城市地表雨水产流的计算方法,通过比较分析得出：对城市不透水区,降雨损失主要以初损中的洼蓄为主,若精度要求较高,宜采用蓄满产流中的指数分布计算方法或变径流系数法;若精度要求一般,可采用SCS曲线法或综合径流系数法．对于城市透水区域,降雨损失主要以下渗为主,若精度要求较高,宜采用结合下渗曲线公式的下渗曲线法;若精度要求一般,可采用指标法。