影响木材火焰传播速度特征量的实验研究

木材着火时火焰的传播规律将为木材在火灾场景中的行为提供重要参考,分析了木材燃烧的机理和影响木材燃烧时火焰传播速度的特征量,借助于实验的方法,研究了空间方位角和几何尺寸等特征量对火焰传播速度的影响.结果表明,方位角越小,不同尺寸木条火焰传播速度差别越大;火焰传播速度随方位角的增大而增大;木条宽度越大,火焰传播速度越慢.     

类人气动肌肉模型与实验研究

在理论分析和实验的基础上，建立了人工气动肌肉的数学模型．该模型中考虑了橡胶管弹性、类人气动肌肉壁厚、人工肌肉末端弧度、编织网线之间以及编织网和橡胶管之间的摩擦力对气动肌肉驱动特性的影响．设计实验系统对人工气动肌肉进行了等压实验、负载拉力恒定实验和等长实验，实验结果与改进后的模型仿真结果吻合较好．     

基坑挡土结构的粒子群优化设计方法

为提高基坑支护结构设计的速度和精度,用模拟自然界鸟群觅食行为的进化算法———粒子群优化算法(PSO)来确定支护结构优化设计方案.研究了基于弹性抗力法的基坑挡土结构的粒子群优化技术:定义在搜索域中的一组可能的基坑设计参数为一个粒子;建立与挡土结构的结构优化设计参数相关联的适应度函数;通过粒子群位置的演变过程来搜索对应最优函数的结构设计参数方法;桩单元长度动态调整的编程技术等.通过工程算例证明了基坑挡土结构粒子群优化设计方法的可行性和适用性.     

载荷板尺寸效应的试验研究

在试验室模拟路基现场的工况,建立平板载荷试验模型,进行了地基系数与载荷板尺寸的相关性试验,并与理论公式进行了对比。根据试验成果归纳出不同载荷板尺寸的地基系数间的换算公式。     

The fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces: The origin of extractable materials of high molecular mass in blast furnace carryover dusts

The aim of the work was to investigate the fate of injectant coal in blast furnaces and the origin of extractable materials in blast furnace carryover dusts. Two sets of samples including injectant coal and the corresponding carryover dusts from a full sized blast furnace and a pilot scale rig have been examined. The samples were extracted using 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) solvent and the extracts studied by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The blast furnace carryover dust extracts contained high molecular weight carbonaceous material, of apparent mass corresponding to 10⁷?10⁸ u, by polystyrene calibration. In contrast, the feed coke and char prepared in a wire mesh reactor under high temperature conditions did not give any extractable material. Meanwhile, controlled combustion experiments in a high-pressure wire mesh reactor suggest that the extent of combustion of injectant coal in the blast furnace tuyeres and raceways is limited by time of exposure and very low oxygen concentration. It is thus likely that the extractable, soot-like material in the blast furnace dust originated in tars is released by the injectant coal. Our results suggest that the unburned tars were thermally altered during the upward path within the furnace, giving rise to the formation of heavy molecular weight (soot-like) materials.     

烟尘微粒排放量的测试研究

探求光与烟尘流体微粒相互作用下的输出与浓度和流速的关系特性,设计应用了光纤传感器测试系统,利用微粒后向散射对浓度和伯努利原理对流速进行实验检测,结果表明在一定范围内输出与浓度和流速成线性关系,证明具开发应用于实践的可行性.     

Influences of Electrolytes on Soap-Free P(ST-MMA-AA) Emulsion Polymerization

1Introduction Functional polymer microspheres are kinds of polymer particles with special structures, morphologies or functional groups[1] , and have been gained much attention because of their specific properties and their application since 1980s. Although some researches have investigated that the latex particle size and its distribution,as well as the stability of polymerization and the resultant latex were strongly influenced by introducing electrolyte into the emulsion polymerization system[2] , few of them focused on the systematic study of electrolytes on the soap-free emulsion polymerization, which is considered as a conventional approach to synthesize functional polymer microspheres with clean surfaces[2]. In this presentation, the influences of variety and dosage of electrolytes on soap-free emulsion polymerization of St, MMA and AA were studied, and a series of micron or submicron sized latex particles with narrow distribution were obtained.     

不同方法测定黄土和古土壤样品粒度的比较

用激光粒度仪和沉降法分别测量了黄土和古土壤的粒度分布,通过对比两种方法测量结果,认为激光法测量的重复性和测量精度较高,小于5μm颗粒含量低于沉降法,平均粒径较沉降法偏粗;造成这种差异的原因主要是不同方法的原理不同和样品中颗粒形状不规则所致.黄土风化成壤过程中形成的次生碳酸盐矿物可能主要存在于小于5μm的颗粒内.     

水性聚氨酯粒径和黏度性能的研究

合成了单官能团小分子物质封端的软硬段皆含羧基的脂环族水性聚氨酯(PU)分散体，研究了羧基含量、pH值、c(NCO)／c(OH)比值、反离子种类和固含量对PU的粒径、黏度和特性黏度的影响。同时，比较了黏度与特性黏度之间的区别与联系。实验结果表明：随pH值的增大，PU分散液体系粒子粒径减小，临界值为8．0；随羧基含量的升高，PU分散液体系粒子粒径减小，临界值(质量分数)为4．05％，而PU分散液体系黏度与特性黏度均增加，此后在有限范围内波动变化，这表明PU分散液体系宏观与微观性能变化趋于一致；随c(NCO)／c(OH)比值升高，PU体系黏度逐渐增高，特性黏度与相对分子质量迅速下降。     

平面锥形光波导模斑转换器的研究

基于三维有限差分束传输法（FD－BPM）对平面光波导器件中的关键元件之一－平面锥形模斑转换器作了深入的研究，对线性和数种非线性侧面边界的模斑转换器进行了数值仿真和对比，分析了平面锥形模斑转换器侧面边界函数对耦合损耗的影响，以及模斑转换器中模场分布随传输距离的变化，确定了不同长度的平面锥形模斑转换器的最佳侧面边界，指出长度在200－1000μm范围内具有余弦边界的平面锥形模斑转换器性能最佳，并且发现，光纤中的出射光进入模斑转换器以后，光波模式会逐渐发生变化，并最终转化为单模。