Thermal difference between the Tibetan Plateau and the plain east of Plateau and its influence on rainfall over China in the summer

There exist thermal differences between the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the plain east of the TP, and between land and sea in East Asia. The influence of the land-sea thermal contrast on the precipitation in East China has been widely investigated; however, a few studies have paid attention to the role of the TP-plain thermal difference. Thus, using the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data and the observation data of China from 1951 t...     

Determining factors in potential evapotranspiration changes over China in the period 1971–2008

Potential evapotranspiration (ET_o) is important to hydrological cycling and the global energy balance. Based on a modified FAO56-Penman-Monteith model, ET_o was simulated for 603 meteorological stations across China in the period 1971–2008. Spatial distribution and temporal change of ET_o were characterized, and the determining factors in ET_o were revealed by sensitivity analysis. Results show obvious regional differences in annual average ET_o and its determining factor. In general, annual average ET_o decreased in the period 1971–2008, but increased since the 1990s. Wind speed and sunshine duration were determining factors in the annual ET_o trend, with smaller contributions from relative humidity and temperature. Declining wind speed was the determining factor in decreasing annual ET_o in northern temperate regions and the Tibetan Plateau. The spatial extent of wind speed influence contracted to northwest China in summer, and expanded to the whole country in autumn. Decreasing sunshine duration was the determining factor in decreasing annual ET_o in subtropical and tropical regions, especially in summer, with a larger spatial influence mainly to the southeast of the farming-pastoral region. ET_o change has distinct impacts on earth surface ecosystems and environment depending on different determining factors.     

Pr2Fe17-xSix合金的磁热效应

用电弧熔炼法制备了Pr2Fe17-xSix(x=0,0.1,0.15,0.3)系列合金,用粉末X线衍射和磁性测量研究样品的结构、磁性、磁熵变及绝热温变.结果表明:Pr2Fe17-xSix系列合金的晶体结构为Th2Zn17型菱方结构;随着Si含量的增加,居里温度由x=0时的290K提高到x=0.3时的328K;外加磁场为1.5T时,磁熵变由x=0时的2.39J/(kg.K)降低到x=0.3时的1.67J/(kg.K),但绝热温变没有显著变化.     

粉末冶金钨(W)电极旋锻制造过程中碎裂原因分析

在粉末冶金钨(W)电极旋锻制造过程中采样,采用显微组织分析、断口分析和成分分析方法对旋锻制造过程中的碎裂样件进行检测分析,找出导致碎裂的原因为:粉末烧结工艺不稳定导致区域烧结不足,粉末烧结坯料中存在大量聚集的孔洞和大量的非金属夹杂物。     

介休市50年烟霾天气变化规律分析

根据介休市50年的低劣能见度天气观测资料,分析了介休市低劣能见度天气的变化规律,结果表明:低劣能见度出现频率随年代变化呈明显的上升趋势,烟、霾等天气现象时低劣能见度天气的变化规律影响较大.     

介休市50年烟曩天气变化规律分析

根据介休市50年的低劣能见度天气观测资料,分析了介休市低劣能见度天气的变化规律,结果表明：低劣能见度出现频率随年代变化呈明显的上升趋势,烟、霾等天气现象对低劣能见度天气的变化规律影响较大。     

LTE上行链路高速铁路应用场景中的频偏估计方法

提出了一种长期演进(LTE)上行链路频偏最大似然(ML)估计算法,并通过定量分析该算法与基于2个训练序列相差的频偏估计算法(相差法)的估计性能,提出了一种联合频偏估计算法.仿真结果表明:与相差法相比,所出提的ML估计算法与联合估计算法的频偏估计范围均能够覆盖高速铁路应用场景中的最大频偏,且ML估计算法不受LTE上行链路跳频传输的影响;在信噪比10 dB且少于4个用户的情况下,2种算法均能够提供10-4或更小的归一化频偏估计均方误差;在单用户情况下,联合估计算法比ML估计算法的均方误差在信噪比上提高了近5 dB.     

存在老鼠仓时证券市场多期均衡分析

构建了老鼠仓、做仓机构投资者和其他普通投资者的多期交易模型,通过将老鼠仓交易量作为噪声源,从加剧市场信息不对称以及改变做仓机构投资者效用取向等角度,分析了市场参与各方的交易行为,并利用理性预期均衡方法求解市场多期均衡.通过定量分析表明,老鼠仓交易市场冲击系数随着做仓交易次数的增加而减小,老鼠仓交易量随之增加;但是,在多期做仓交易过程中,其他普通投资者并不能因为交易次数的增加而更加准确地获取资产价值信息.     

气候变化对沿海城市的影响及应对措施

分析全球气候变化的总体现状,阐述气候变化对沿海城市的各类影响,提出城市在应对气候变化方面的措施.     

基于SAR卫星资料的船速估算

为利用SAR卫星图像中的船舶尾迹来估算船舶速度,介绍了船舶尾迹在SAR卫星中的成像机理,分析了估算船速的可行性,对目前船舶速度估算算法进行了比较,并采用船舶尾迹多普勒位移方法实现对船舶速度的估算.利用相匹配的AIS数据对实例数据进行验证,结果表明,可以利用SAR资料对船速进行粗略估算.