Enhanced anti-sunward flow near local noon during a period of horizontal IMF and high solar wind velocity <Emphasis Type="Italic">V</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">Y</Emphasis></Subscript>

It is believed that a southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is mainly responsible for the energy input from solar wind into the magnetosphere. This paper presents an unusual case of strong anti-sunward plasma flow (up to 2 km/s) in the polar cap ionosphere and large cross-polar cap potential (CPCP) during a period of horizontal IMF (|B _Z | < 2 nT) observed by both ACE (at the L1 point) and Geotail (on the dusk flank of the magnetosheath). The CPCP is even higher than that under preceding B _Z ≈ −23 nT. Furthermore, GOES8 observed that the magnetosheath field turns northward as the anti-sunward plasma flow and CPCP start to increase, which implies that the magnetosheath field interacting with the Earth’s magnetopause has significantly rotated and differs from the IMF observed by ACE and Geotail. In accordance with previous theoretical work, we suggest that the magnetic field line draping produces a southward magnetosheath field and enhances anti-sunward plasma flow and the CPCP.     

Statistical models for intensity and phase fluctuation of laser light in a turbulent medium

The probability density function of irradiance fluctuations in a turbulent atmosphere remains an open topic of research.It is generally considered that the speckle field has an elliptical-Gaussian speckle distribution,but because of its complexity there is still no exact analytical solution.By introducing the concept of random fluctuation intensity and using an equiprobability density ellipse,exact models of the random fluctuation intensity and its phase are proposed.Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,it is concluded that the random fluctuation intensity and its corresponding phase are independent only under the circular-Gaussian approximation.     

Optimization of flue gas turbulent heat transfer with condensation in a tube

Conservation equations for sensible and latent entransy are established for flue gas turbulent heat transfer with condensation in a tube, and the entransy dissipation expression is deduced. The field synergy equation is obtained on the basis of the extremum entransy dissipation principle for flue gas turbulent heat transfer with condensation. The optimal velocity field is numerically obtained by solving the field synergy equation. The results show that the optimal velocity field contains multiple longitudinal vortices near the tube surface. These improve the synergy not only between the velocity and temperature fields but also between the velocity and vapor concentration fields. Therefore, the turbulent heat and mass transfers are significantly enhanced.     

Phase field simulation of interatomic potentials for double phase competition during early stage precipitation

Phase field model was employed to study the variations of interatomic potentials of Ni 3 Al (L1 2 phase) and Ni 3 V (DO 22 phase) as a function of temperature and concentration. The long-range order (LRO) parameter related interatomic potentials equations formulated by Khachaturyan were utilized to establish the inversion equations for L1 2 and DO 22 phases, with which interatomic potentials could be calculated. The interatomic potentials of Ni-Al and Ni-V exhibited approximately linear increases and decreases, individually, with enhanced Al concentration. Substituting the inverted interatomic potentials into the microscopic phase field equations led to three cases of precipitation sequence: the DO 22 phase preceded L1 2 phase precipitating at the interatomic potentials of Ni-V > Ni-Al; the vice cases; and two phases precipitated simultaneously at interatomic potentials of Ni-V and Ni-Al were equal.     

Mineralogical and geochemical features of sulfide chimneys from the 49°39′E hydrothermal field on the Southwest Indian Ridge and their geological inferences

During January–May in 2007,the Chinese research cruise DY115-19 discovered an active hydrothermal field at 49°39′E/37°47′S on the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR).This was also the first active hydrothermal field found along an ultraslow-spreading ridge.We analyzed mineralogical,textural and geochemical compositions of the sulfide chimneys obtained from the 49°39′E field.Chimney samples show a concentric mineral zone around the fluid channel.The mineral assemblages of the interiors consist ...     

基于MFA和STIRPAT的定西市物质输入输出及环境压力

运用物质流分析方法,对定西市生态经济系统分析结果表明:在不考虑水的情况下物质输入和输出分别以2.24％和5.68％的速度波动缓慢上升;物质输入上升速度低于物质生产力上升速度和物质利用强度降低速度,单位GDP污染物排放强度以年均6.59％的速度直线下降,可见物质利用效率的提高速度较快,而2004-2008年,物质生产力每...     

基于扫描电子显微镜的单根一维纳米材料原位场发射性能研究

基于扫描电子显微镜和纳米探针技术,展示了一维纳米材料原位场发射的测量方法和实例。实验以钨针尖为接收极,纳米材料为发射极,通过结合扫描电子显微镜的实时成像功能,纳米探针的精确操纵及电学测量技术以及激光辐照功能,系统研究了极间距离D、形貌变化、吸附气体和激光注入对单根多壁碳纳米管和氧化锌纳米线场发射性能的影响。结果表明,当D远小于纳米材料长度L的3倍时,D越小,开启场强和阈值场强越大,场发射性能越弱。此外,纳米线尖端曲率半径越大,场增强因子越小,场发射性能越弱。研究还发现O2的脱附和激光辐照有助于纳米材料场发射性能的提高。     

常用的基于数据流的测试充分性准则

软件测试所有技术活动的基础,在于测试用例的设计、选择以及评价。如何设计充分的测试集一直是测试人员面对的一个难题。控制流、数据流是分析程序结构的2个主要手段。该文综合介绍了几种在软件单元测试中常用的基于数据流的测试充分性评价准则,如c-use覆盖、p-use覆盖、all-use覆盖、k-dr链覆盖、上下文覆盖等。这些准则适用于用过程式语言、面向对象语言编写的程序。测试人员可用这些准则判断究竟测了多少代码还有多少代码未测到。     

流量比对气膜冷却叶片表面换热系数的影响

为深入了解某型涡轮叶栅进口导叶叶片的换热规律,采用瞬态液晶技术测量了无气膜孔叶片和带气膜孔叶片在不同流量比下的表面换热系数,通过对比分析,研究了气膜出流和流量比变化对叶片表面换热的影响.实验中叶栅通道来流雷诺数为108 000,叶片气膜出流与叶栅通道来流的质量流量比为0、3.46%、4.61%、5.77%、6.93%、8.08%、9.23%.实验测量获得了无气膜叶片中截面的压力分布曲线,以及各流量比下叶片表面的换热系数分布云图及其平均值线图.研究结果表明:叶片吸力面存在气流流动分离;气膜出流使得分离点位置提前,并且缩短了分离再附着的过渡区域;气膜出流使叶片前缘、压力面和吸力面气膜孔区域的换热系数大幅升高,但对吸力面分离点后区域的换热影响不大;在实验工况范围内,气膜出流流量比越大,换热系数越高.     

方柱微结构芯片射流冲击流动沸腾换热实验研究

对喷射条件下的电子芯片在FC-72中的流动沸腾换热进行了研究,并和同工况下的光滑芯片作了对比.实验选取的工况如下:过冷度为25、35℃;横流速度Vc为0.5、1、1.5m/s;喷射速度Vj为0、1、2m/s.实验采用的硅片尺寸为10mm×10mm×0.5mm,通过干腐蚀技术在其表面加工出30μm×120μm、50μm×120μm的方柱微结构.实验表明,所有芯片的换热性能都随过冷度和流速的增加而提高,方柱微结构能明显地强化芯片换热,而射流冲击进一步提高了芯片在高热流密度下的换热性能.同一横流速度下,喷射速度越大,换热性能越好,尤其是Vc=0.5m/s、Vj=2m/s时,强化效果最显著.随着横流速度的增加,射流冲击的强化效果减弱,临界热流密度值增幅减小.