农田蒸散和干旱的计算及其分析

农田蒸散是形成土壤干旱的主要因素。本文采用陶祖文的彭曼修正公式对冀东地区的唐山、秦皇岛、乐亭、遵化等地3～11月的可能蒸散与可能实际蒸散进行了计算,并与本省南部的曲周做了可能蒸散量的对比分析。在统计分析的基础上,按《干旱分析方法的探讨》一文给出的华北地区干旱指标,用唐山农业气象站1980～1989年观测旱作地段的土壤湿度资料,对当地干旱的发生与干旱的指标进行了分析和验证。     

外加电磁场对火焰结构及燃料燃烧特性的影响

燃料在电、磁场作用下的燃烧是一个新的跨学科性质的研究课题.它涉及磁流体发电、空间技术中电磁燃烧技术的应用以及能源与动力工程中能量转换与效率.本文从实验和理论两个方面,扼要地报导了碳氢燃料在外加磁场、电场影响下的火焰结构及其燃烧特性.把近年来我研究小组的主要研究结果汇总发表.     

Cholecystokinin is not a major regulator in the digestive system in the chicken

To find out whether physiological concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK), a gastrointestinal hormone in mammals, are also active in chickens, the pancreatic amylase secretory response to CCK-8 was investigated in vitro. Rat pancreatic acini responded to the physiological concentration of CCK-8, but in chickens amylase release was induced at a concentration of CCK-8 1000 times higher than that observed in rats. In another experiment, biliary flow was tested with several doses of CCK-8. The bile flow was stimulated in a dose-dependent fashion, but a significant enhancement was not obtained at a concentration of 0.5 g CCK-8/kg body weight, which was considerably higher than physiological ones. It is concluded that endogeneous CCK does not have an important role in the digestive system in the chicken.     

Energy flow and community structure in freshwater ecosystems

The goal of this article is twofold: 1) It aims at providing an overview on some major results obtained from energy flow studies in individuals, populations, and communities, and 2) it will also focus on major mechanisms explaining community structures. The basis for any biological community to survive and establish a certain population density is on the one hand energy fixation by primary producers together with adequate nutrient supply and the transfer of energy between trophic levels (bottom-up effect). On the other hand, predator pressures may strongly control prey population densities one or more trophic levels below (top-down effect). Other interpopulation effects include competition, chemical interactions and evolutionary genetic processes, which further interact and result in the specific structuring of any community with respect to species composition and population sizes.     

泵引起的液压系统振动分析

通过液压系统产生振动和噪音的振源及振动量传递的分析,开发了测定泵的振源特性的新方法,－２压力／２系统”法,介绍了用阻抗求解管内压力脉动的方法及通用仿真程序包,实验表明,仿真结果与实测结果一致。     

双模随机晶体场对混合自旋1/2和自旋1纳米管上相变的影响

本文利用有效场理论研究了自旋1/2和自旋1混合Blume-Capel模型在具有双模随机晶体场的圆柱形Ising纳米管上的磁化和相变. 通过数值计算,我们得到了随温度和随机晶体场参数变化的相图和磁化强度. 结果表明: (1) 改变晶体场的概率和比例,双模随机晶体场可以描述不同掺杂原子对自旋的作用;(2) 对于一定的概率值、负或正的晶体场和晶体场的比例值都存在临界点;(3) 系统显示多种相变温度,一阶相变和二阶相变.     

铝蜂窝道面板承载能力试验

为了研究铝蜂窝道面板的承载能力,铺筑了室外试验段并进行了现场试验,使用直径30cm刚性承载板模拟飞机轮载,在道面板表面布置位移传感器和应变片,测试了铝蜂窝道面板在不同地基强度、不同地表状态下板体变形、表面应变。试验结果表明:地基强度的增加能改善道面板的受力情况,减少弯沉。当地基强度从70MPa增加到100MPa时,100kW荷载作用下最大变形减小了39.2%。而脱空会使板底出现过大应力,显著降低道面板的承载能力。     

垂直弹射系统弹射初始阶段内流场数值分析

针对燃气活塞弹射装置在垂直发射系统中的应用,采用计算流体软件Fluent的源项法,用UDF(用户自定义函数)编译来实现火药燃气的质量、动量、能量向高压室的注入,对弹射初始阶段高压室和低压室内燃气流场进行了数值分析,得出以下结论:高压室压力在破膜前快速上升,破膜后缓慢上升的趋势,在高压上下两端压力应力集中,低压室呈中间和两端压力应力集中现象,同时高压室形成的低速燃气经导管产生激波形成超声速燃气流撞击低压室,并分析了压力和速度对弹射装置的影响。计算结果表明,该方法能够较好地仿真弹射装置燃气流场的特性,为弹射装置优化设计和装药设计提供理论依据。     

脉冲示踪法实验误差分析

本文从理论和实验两方面分析了脉冲示踪法中脉冲时间、示踪剂输入和记录仪记录时间差、示踪剂纯度与用量和实验温度对反应器内物料停留时间分布和流动模型参数测定误差的影响,以便在实验中采取相应措施减小或消除误差,获得准确的实验结果。