生命科学研究的若干重大进展

简要介绍了生命科学研究的若干重大进展,包括我国基因剔除技术获重大突破、小麦小染色体研究取得重大进展、利用基因工程技术制造新的微生物以及脊椎神经生长开发将使残疾人恢复肢体运动等.     

生物芯片及其应用

生物芯片技术是随着人类基因组计划的进展而发展起来的具有广泛应用前景的先进技术.文章主要介绍生物芯片技术的基本概念、应用领域、研究现状和前景.     

凝集素的分离纯化、基因克隆及功能研究进展

凝集素(lectin)研究近年来发展迅速，尤其在植物基因工程中，植物外源凝集素基因越来越受到重视。本文从凝集素的分离纯化、基因克隆、理化性质和功能等方面进行了综述。此外还讨论了凝集素基因在植物基因工程中的应用。     

甘蓝磷酯酶D HKD2功能区基因片段的克隆与反义表达载体的构建

以甘蓝(Brassiaca oleracea)为材料，取幼叶分离mRNA，反转录合成cDNA，以cDNA第一链为模板，通过PCR扩增，获得甘蓝磷酯酶D(Phosphorate　Lipid　Dehydrolase，PLD)HKD2功能区的基因片段．对其进行Blast分析，结果表明，分离的目的片段核苷酸序列与Genbank中报道的甘蓝PLD基因相比同源率为99．7％，只有2个碱基发生改变．将得到的PLD基因片段插入植物表达载体pAT940，构建了PLD基因反义表达载体pATC—rPLD，为下一步进行抗逆转基因作物选育打下基础．     

极端嗜热厌氧纤维素分解菌基因文库的构建及其内切葡聚糖酶基因片段的克隆

以从云南邦拿掌温泉中分离、纯化的高温厌氧纤维素分解菌邦2菌(Cadicellulosiruptor)为材料,制备其总DNA,经限制性核酸内切酶EcoRⅠ部分酶切后,在T4DNA连接酶的作用下与经EcoRⅠ完全酶切、去磷酸化的质粒载体pUC18连接,然后转化E.coliJM109,建立了邦2的基因文库,经筛选鉴定得到6.3×103个重组子;重组子经刚果红平板验证:约有23.5%菌落呈现透明圈;重组子经EcoRⅠ酶切验证显示:重组质粒均含有外源DNA插入片段.结果表明已克隆到邦2菌纤维素酶系中的内切葡聚糖酶基因(ED基因)片段.     

Efficient expression of human factor Ⅸ cDNA in liver mediated by hydrodynamics-based plasmid administration

The transfection of plasmid DNA into mammalian cells is an indispensable tool in the study of gene transfer and gene function. Since the original report in 1990 on the successful expression of a reporter gene in muscle[1], plasmid DNA injection has been widely used to mediate gene transfer study. As a gene transfer vector, naked DNA has many obvious advantages. It is easy and cheap to be prepared and more safe after transfection. But the plasmid mediated gene expression is low because of t…     

Genetic Diversity in Populations of Sepiella maindroni Using 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis

Part of the 16S rRNA gene is amplified with PCR and sequenced for 5 populations of common Chinese cuttlefish Sepiella maindroni:three from the South China Sea,one from East China Sea and one from Japan.The result shows that a total of 5 nucleotide positions are found to have gaps or insertions of base pairs among these individuals,and 13 positions are examined to be variable in all the sequences,which range from 494 to 509 base pairs.All of the individuals are grouped into 7 haplotypes (h1-h7).No marked genetic difference is osberved among those populations.All of the individuals from Nagasaki belong to h1 and the h3 haplotype is found only in the coastal waters of China.A→←G transition in Nucleotide 255 is suggested to be taken as a kind of genetic marker to identify the populations distributed in East-South China Sea and the Nagasaki waters of Japan.     

Recent progress in polymer-based gene delivery vectors

The gene delivery system is one of the three components of a gene medicine, which is the bottle neck of current gene therapy. Nonviral vectors offer advantages over the viral system of safety, ease of manufacturing, etc. As important nonviral vectors, polymer gene delivery systems have gained increasing attention and have begun to show increasing promising. In this review, the fundamental and recent progress of polymer-based gene delivery vectors is reviewed.     

鄂尔多斯蒙古族、汉族5项遗传学指标研究

调查了内蒙古鄂尔多斯蒙古族(508例)、汉族(461例)人的5项头面部形态特征.5项指标是鼻梁侧面观、鼻孔形状、下颏突出度、额头发际、头发形状.调查显示:(1)这两个人群多为非凸型鼻梁、宽型鼻孔、非突型下颏、直发,额头发际有尖率与无尖率接近.(2)在内蒙古诸人群中,这两个人群凸鼻梁率低、宽型鼻孔率高、突型下颏率低、额头发际有尖率高、直发率低.(3)5项指标彼此多不相关,仅鼻梁类型与鼻孔形状相关,鼻梁类型与下颏类型相关.     

具有局部搜索能力的自适应变异遗传算法

针对函数优化问题，提出一种自适应变异遗传算法来提高局部搜索的能力，弥补简单遗传算法易于早熟收敛的缺陷。最后以De Jong函数为仿真对象，将此算法与其它三种遗传算法进行比较，仿真结果表明此算法对于函数优化问题非常有效，大大加快了算法的收敛速度，并大幅度提高了搜寻到最优解的概率。