中巴公路陡崖块状危岩群体崩塌前兆特征

为把握中巴公路边常见的陡崖块状危岩群体特征,通过对原有的振动台进行适当的改装,开展了地震作用下陡崖块状危岩破坏模型试验研究,以模型试验重点研究陡崖块状危岩节理倾角、危岩块度、危岩群体高度及地震强度等因素对破坏的影响。结果表明:节理倾角越大,危岩体越不稳,90°特殊垂直节理倾角表现得非常脆弱不稳,崩塌一般发生在危岩体1/3高度之上,之下几乎不发生崩塌;节理倾倒角从90°减到70°时使群体破坏模式从群体崩塌转为群体滑动破坏模式,更像是岩质边坡滑动加滚动破坏。可见以上因素对该区域危岩体崩塌起决定性作用并且具有一定的规律性前兆。     

高温对油气藏隔层岩石力学性质的影响

高温会改变SAGD隔层岩石力学性质,进而影响隔层的完整性。通过对某区块油藏隔层岩石成分进行确定后制作人工模拟试件。将制得的标准人工模拟试件分为6组,分别在不同温度(20℃、100℃、200℃、300℃、400℃、500℃)下处理3 h。对试件在处理前及处理后分别进行声波测试试验、抗拉试验和单轴压缩试验,同时在抗拉试验和单轴压缩试验过程中通过声发射对岩样的变形破坏过程进行监测。通过实验研究,得到了不同温度对岩样动态弹性模量、抗拉强度、静态弹性模量、静态泊松比及声发射相关参数的影响。从而得到试件的相关声发射及力学参数在加温前后的变化规律,及其随着温度的变化所发生的变化趋势。     

准噶尔盆地石炭系烃源岩地球化学特征研究

系统分析了准噶尔盆地石炭系烃源岩有机质丰度、有机质类型及成熟度等特征,应用综合地球化学指标对有机质类型进行判定.石炭系烃源岩有机质丰度高,上统好于下统.其有机质类型表现为下统好于上统,下统以混合偏腐泥型为主,上统以混合型偏腐殖型为主,煤系以腐殖型为主.下统烃源岩几乎都在成熟—过成熟范围内,利于生成成熟油气和凝析油,上统利于生气.并通过纵向上各主要烃源岩层对比,总结出重碳同位素、饱和烃色谱不含β胡萝卜烷、规则甾烷以C27呈显著优势的"V"型分布是石炭系烃源岩的几个标志性地球化学特征.     

砂页互层岩坡群锚室内模型实验研究

文章以岩屑粉砂岩夹页岩路基边坡作为模型实验的对象,采用室内模型实验,对均质粉砂岩与粉砂岩夹页岩两种不同岩体的模型试件的群锚效应进行了对比研究,初步分析了群锚极限承载力和变形情况,并对群锚参数的合理选择进行了初步探讨,最后还提出了对实验的局限性及需改进的地方,为进一步的实验打下较为坚实的基础。     

白银厂铜矿床地质特征

白银厂铜矿床位于北祁连加里东地槽东部火山岩系内,区内火山岩发育。矿床受区域构造控制,矿体呈扁豆状、透镜状、似层状、脉状等,产状与地层大体一致。矿石构造以块状、浸染状和脉状为主,结构以自形、半自形粒状结构和交代结构为主。近矿围岩蚀变以绢云母化、硅化、黄铁矿化为主;远矿围岩蚀变以铁白云岩化、碳酸盐化、绿泥石化为主。矿石的矿物成分主要为黄铁矿、黄铜矿,其次是闪锌矿、方铅矿以及少量磁铁矿等。     

鄂西渝东志留系储层特征及非常规气勘探前景

鄂西渝东地区位于川东高陡滑脱褶皱带和湘鄂西断块—基底断褶带的中间构造过渡带,变形程度相对较弱,油气保存条件相对较好。基于钻井、地表露头资料,应用薄片观察、扫描电镜、有机地球化学分析方法,对志留系宏观和微观储层特征进行详细地分析,并对鄂西渝东地区非常规气藏油气勘探前景进行探讨。结果表明,龙马溪组主要包括黑色碳质笔石页岩相、深灰色（灰色）泥岩相和含粉砂泥岩相,发育粘土矿物粒间溶孔、长石粒内溶孔、石英粒内溶孔和微裂缝等微储集空间。建深１井和石柱冷水溪一带以东地区,志留系烃源岩品质高、生烃潜力大,并发育斜坡扇砂岩和潮坪相粉砂岩,砂泥（页）岩储层微孔隙微裂缝发育。建深1 井为致密砂岩气藏,从该气藏特征和现有钻井显示资料分析,石柱复向斜、利川复向斜和花果坪复向斜完全具备发育致密砂岩气藏和页岩气的巨大潜力。     

准噶尔盆地滴水泉凹陷石炭系烃源岩生烃能力分析

利用钻井岩心和露头样品化验资料,对石炭系烃源岩有机质丰度、类型及演化程度进行研究,结合凹陷周缘构造油气来源特征,分析滴水泉凹陷石炭系烃源岩生烃能力。研究表明,滴水泉凹陷石炭系烃源岩有机质丰度高,沉积厚度大,目前已到高-过成熟阶段,具有较强生烃能力;滴南凸起存在"凹槽",东道海子北凹陷来源油气不能运移到克拉美丽气田石炭系储层聚集成藏,克拉美丽气田亿吨级油气应来自滴水泉凹陷;石东油气田深浅层油气特征基本一致,与石西油田不同,与克拉美丽石炭系油气相似,都属于滴水泉凹陷石炭系来源产物;滴水泉凹陷、三南凹陷及东道海子北凹陷石炭纪沉积期水体连通,石炭系烃源岩都应具有较强的生烃能力,勘探潜力巨大。     

卡塔尔鲁卜哈利盆地古生界生储盖组合特征

卡塔尔鲁卜哈利盆地古生界碎屑岩是油气勘探的新领域,在区域地质研究的基础上,利用石油地质学、储层地质学等理论对古生界的生储盖组合进行研究,并重点分析了盖层发育特征.研究结果表明,卡塔尔鲁卜哈利盆地古生界发育良好的生储盖组合,志留系Qusaiba热页岩是主力烃源岩,泥盆系Jauf组滨岸相砂岩和二叠系Unayzah组河流—三角洲相砂岩是主要储层,二叠系Khuff组膏岩及底部的海侵泥岩为区域盖层,同时还发育多套局部盖层.盖层的封盖能力是古生界油气勘探的主要风险之一,区域盖层横向分布稳定,且含膏岩,封盖性好,但局部盖层厚度较薄并且泥岩质不纯,夹薄层白云质泥岩和少量粉砂岩,对封盖能力影响较大,盖层风险不容忽视.     

LA-ICP-MS dating of Zhangjiakou Formation volcanic rocks in the Zhangjiakou region and its geological significance

The geological cross section of the Zhangjiakou Formation is originally established in the Zhangjiakou region. From the dating of four samples from typical cross sections of the Zhangjiakou Formation in the Zhangjiakou region, the age range is found to be mainly from 143.0 ± 3.7 Myr to 136.1 ± 1.4 Myr, which almost equals the sum of the age range of the Zhangjiakou Formation （136-135 Myr） and that of the Tuchengzi Formation （143-136 Myr） in the Luanping region, and the Zhangjiakou and Tuchengzi Formations in Zhang- jiakou-Luanping of North Hebei are found to be conformable. The evidence above indicates that the Zhangjiakou and Tuchengzi Formations, which are distributed in Zhangjiakou-Luanping, were formed under the same geological setting. Volcanic activity was earlier and longer （143-136 Myr） in the western region （Zhangjiakou） than that in the eastern region （Luanping）. The ＂Zhangjiakou Formation＂ in Chengde and Pingquan formed in the period in which the Yixian Formation in West Liaoning formed, so should be renamed the Yixian Formation.     

Evidence for metasomatic mantle carbonatitic magma extrusion in Mesoproterozoic ore-hosting dolomite rocks in the middle Kunyang rift, central Yunnan, China

The Kunyang rift lying on the western margin of the Yangtze platform is a rare Precambrian Fe-Cu mineralization zone. Wuding- Lufeng basin that is an important part of the zone is located on the west edge in the middle of the rift. The most important ore-hosting rocks are Mesoproterozoic dolomite rocks in the basin controlled by a ring fracture system, which is a fundamental structure of the basin. Plenty of silicate minerals and acicular apatite, feldspar phenocrysts and small vesicular, flown line and flown plane structures, melt inclusion and high temperature fluid inclusion found in most ore-hosting dolomites suggest that this kind of rocks could not be sedimentary dolomite, marble or hydrothermal carbonate rocks. The Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta values of the rocks are identical with those of associated mantle-derived rocks, and vary widely. For the monomineral dolomite, δ^18OSMOW‰=＋5.99 to ＋18.4 and δ^13CPDB‰ = -3.01 to ＋0.94, which fall within the range for all carbonatitic volcanic rocks of the world. As for the accessory minerals, the values of δ^18OSMOW‰ of magnetite （=＋3.47 to ＋5.99‰） are close to that of the mantle （〈5.7%）, and the δ^34S‰ values of sulfides （-5.09 to ＋5.78, averaging ＋1.50） are close to that of meteorite. For all the ore-bearing dolomite rocks, εNd = ＋0.19 to ＋2.27, and the calculated Isr=0.699143, while for the associated mantle-derived rocks, εnd = ＋3.18 to ＋3.72. All the data suggest that the mineral assemblage is not only igneous but also of metasomatic mantle origin. And the presence of acicular apatite indicates that the rocks were formed by magma rapidly cooling. And the phenocryst texture and vesicular, flown and ropy and pyroclastic structures suggest that the igneous rocks were extrusive. Therefore, the ore-bearing dolomite rocks are carbonatitic volcanic rocks. This conclusion implies that most iron and copper ore deposits hosted in the dolomite rocks should be of the carbonatite type.