基于图像处理的矿石颗粒三维微观孔隙结构演化

采用高精度显微CT技术及三维图像分析方法研究氧化铜矿石颗粒在酸浸前后内部微观孔隙结构特征及其演变,考察孔隙率、孔隙尺寸分布、孔隙连通度、孔隙分维等参数的变化规律。结果表明：酸浸后矿石颗粒的孔隙率明显增加,孔隙尺寸分布范围更广,出现一定比例的大孔隙,平均孔隙直径增加2~3倍;孔隙连通度在酸浸前基本为零,酸浸后明显增加,并在各方向上呈现空间变异性;孔隙分维数在浸出结束后也有所增大,且在一定范围内与孔隙率及平均孔隙直径呈指数增长关系。借助三维图像分析可实现矿石浸出过程中内部微观孔隙结构的定量描述,从而揭示矿石颗粒孔隙结构的演化规律。     

Leaching of vanadium,sodium, and silicon from molten V-Ti-bearing slag obtained from low-grade vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite

The water leaching process of vanadium, sodium, and silicon from molten vanadium-titanium-bearing (V-Ti-bearing) slag obtained from low-grade vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite was investigated systematically. The results show that calcium titanate, sodium aluminosilicate, sodium oxide, silicon dioxide and sodium vanadate are the major components of the molten V-Ti-bearing slag. The experimental results indicate that the liquid-solid (L/S) mass ratio significantly affects the leaching process because of the respective solubilities and diffusion rates of the components. A total of 83.8% of vanadium, 72.8% of sodium, and 16.1% of silicon can be leached out via a triple counter-current leaching process under the optimal conditions of a particle size below 0.074 mm, a temperature of 90°C, a leaching time of 20 min, an L/S mass ratio of 4:1, and a stirring speed of 300 r/min. The kinetics of vanadium leaching is well described by an internal diffusion-controlled model and the apparent activation energy is 11.1 kJ/mol. The leaching mechanism of vanadium was also analyzed.     

用复合浸出剂浸取风化壳淋积型稀土矿中的稀土研究

研究了采用新型复合浸出剂来浸取风化壳淋积型稀土矿中的稀土,结果表明：新型复合浸出剂浸取稀土浸出率高于单一浸取剂,能减少某些非稀土杂质元素的浸出,浸取后的浸出剂经提纯后能反复使用,而且这种新的稀土浸出剂具有来源广、价格便宜、不污染环境等优点,有推广应用价值。     

离子型稀土原地浸析采矿室内模拟试验研究

叙述了离子型稀土矿用原地浸析采矿开采时进行室内模拟浸析试验的原矿样采集与加工、试验装置、试验内容．论述和分析了试验情况．得出了对该类矿山的原地浸析开采设计有重要参考价值的试验参数     

Ultrasound effects on zinc recovery from EAF dust by sulfuric acid leaching

In this work, an ultrasound-assisted leaching process was studied for the recovery of zinc from electric arc furnace (EAF) dust, in which zinc was mainly present in the form of franklinite (60%). Hydrometallurgy is emerging as a preferred process for the recovery of a variety of metals, and the use of ultrasound could offer advantages over the conventional leaching process, especially for the dissolution of franklinite. Franklinite is a refractory phase that is difficult to leach and represents the main obstacle in conventional hydrometallurgy processing. Atmospheric leaching with different sulfuric acid concentrations (0.2-2.0 M) at two temperatures (323 and 353 K) was performed. The tests were conducted using both conventional and ultrasound-assisted leaching. After the leaching tests, the solid residues were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, whereas the leach liquor was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP). The use of ultrasound facilitated the dissolution of franklinite at low acid concentrations and resulted in a greater zinc recovery under all of the investigated operating conditions.     

Extraction of vanadium from vanadium slag by high pressure oxidative acid leaching

To extract vanadium in an environment friendly manner, this study focuses on the process of leaching vanadium from vanadium slag by high pressure oxidative acid leaching. Characterizations of the raw slag, mineralogy transformation, and the form of leach residues were made by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The result shows that the vanadium slag is composed of major phases of fayalite, titanomagnetite, and spinel. During the high pressure oxidative acid leaching process, the fayalite and spinel phases are gradually decomposed by sulfuric acid, causing the release of vanadium and iron in the solution. Meanwhile, unreacted silicon and titanium are enriched in the leach residues. With the initial concentration of sulfuric acid at 250 g·L-1, a leaching temperature of 140℃, a leaching time of 50 min, a liquid-solid ratio of 10:1 mL·g-1, and oxygen pressure at 0.2 MPa, the leaching rate of vanadium reaches 97.69%.     

Ultra fast microwave-assisted leaching for the recovery of copper and tellurium from copper anode slime

The decomposition of copper anode slime heated by microwave energy in a sulfuric acid medium was investigated. Leaching experiments were carried out in a multi-mode cavity with microwave assistance. The leaching process parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimized conditions, the leaching efficiencies of copper and tellurium were 99.56% ±0.16% and 98.68% ±0.12%, respectively. Meanwhile, a conventional leaching experiment was performed in order to evaluate the influence of microwave radiation. The mechanism of microwave-assisted leaching of copper anode slime was also investigated. In the results, the microwave technology is demonstrated to have a great potential to improve the leaching efficiency and reduce the leaching time. The enhanced recoveries of copper and tellurium are believed to result from the presence of a temperature gradient due to the shallow microwave penetration depth and the superheating at the solid-liquid interface.     

柴达木盆地西部尕斯库勒盐湖周缘岩系和湖内沉积物含铀性模拟

 以柴达木盆地西部尕斯库勒盐湖周缘岩系和湖内沉积物为研究对象,通过淋滤实验和悬浮平衡模拟实验,探讨该盐湖不同物源的含铀性.分析表明,尕斯库勒盐湖周缘3 种岩系(老地层、上新世含盐岩系、第四纪沉积物)淋滤液水化学特征类似,且从淋滤液水化学特征可知该盐湖水化学具有明显的再溶盐特征;3 种岩系淋滤作用强烈,盐湖第四纪沉积物中的铀最容易被淋出,上新世含盐岩系中的铀次之,蚀源区岩石中的铀难淋出;悬浮平衡实验表明,悬浮液中铀含量随平衡时间增长呈现先迅速降低而后缓慢升高的变化趋势,而沉积颗粒物中铀含量变化趋势与悬浮液中铀含量刚好相反,说明铀在悬浮液和沉积颗粒物之间确实发生了交换,且交换速率较快;在平衡实验初期,悬浮液中铀含量快速降低的现象可能是悬浮液中的铀被固相吸附所致;不同时期铀的来源分析表明,在新近纪和第四纪早期,尕斯库勒盐湖内卤水和沉积物中的铀主要来自周边岩石的风化淋滤作用,铀补给量相对较少,而到了第四纪中、晚期,铀主要来自上新世含盐岩系风化淋滤和深部水补给,再加上沉积物和周边岩石化学风化,铀补给量相对前一时期大得多.     

模拟酸雨对林地黄壤汞溶出的影响

以缙云山上的3种森林林被黄壤为供试土壤,通过模拟pH 2.0、pH 3.0、pH 4.0、pH 5.0的酸雨对上述土壤的动态淋溶试验,研究酸雨对林地土壤汞溶出的影响.结果表明:阔叶林地汞的溶出总量在酸雨pH 3.0、4.0时最低,但各pH的酸雨对阔叶林地汞的溶出量之间的差异不显著.针叶林地和竹林地汞的溶出总量随pH降低而升高,在pH 2.0的酸雨作用下,与pH 3.0、4.0、5.0的酸雨间的差异达极显著水平.在强酸雨的作用下,针叶林和竹林土壤的汞更易迁出土壤而污染水体.因此应加强森林土壤的管理,禁止取材,以提高土壤有机质,抑制汞的水迁移.     

南方某铀矿提铀工艺发展

介绍南方某高含泥铀矿提U工艺发展过程.初期矿石经简单破碎后采用粗放型堆浸,效果不理想;经研究采用破碎分级粉矿酸性造粒堆浸,从根本上解决了该矿石渗透性差,不能直接堆浸的难题,酸性造粒有独到之处,铀浸出效果好;由于该工艺复杂、作业劳动强度大、卫生条件差,也受天气影响生产等问题,因而又研究出了粉矿和精矿搅拌浸出、粗粒堆浸的组合工艺,提高了提铀的工艺水平和效益.