Models for calculating phreatic water evaporation on bare and Tamarix-vegetated lands

Groundwater is the main source of water consumption of natural vegetation in arid regions. It is an effective approach to study ecological water demand of natural vegetation by phreatic evaporation. In order to study the ecological water demand of Tarim river basin, based on the observation data of phreatic evaporation on bare lands at the Aksu Water Balance Experimental station from 1989 to 1996, by analyzing the relationship of phreatic evaporation, depth of phreatic surface and evaporation of water, taking the limit rate of phreatic evaporation as the control condition, and based on the objective law that the relation between phreatic evaporation and evaporation of water is nonlinear, we establish models for calculating phreatic evaporation on bare land, which can fully reflect the law of phreatic evaporation in the Tarim river basin. According to the data of depth of phreatic surface and soil moisture when pheratic level decline is caused just by evapotranspiration on Tamarix-vegetated land from 2003 to 2004, we calculate the amount of phreatic evaporation and set up models for calculating phreatic evaporation on Tamarixvegetated land. Phreatic evaporation on bare land and Tamarix-vegetated land could be transformed each other by a Tamarix vegetation conversion coefficient. The test results show that the calculation accuracy of the models is high and the models are suitable for Tarim river basin.     

大连地区植被调查

本文对大连地区植物群落的区系组成、特点、结构、动态作了初步分析,并提出今后利用意见。     

四十年来河南植物地理学研究的回顾与展望

本文回顾了建国四十年来河南植物地理学研究的发展历史,并根据学科发展和我省实际情况,提出了今后的研究方向,有利于强化该学科研究在河南的进一步开展。     

太原市西山地区开山取石停采面植被恢复的试验

利用边试验、边推广的方法，通过人工造林的方式，对停采多年的开山破坏面进行植被恢复，树种以侧柏、油松为主，臭椿为辅，苗木宜采用带土胎的移植苗，实行水平阶式整地，乔灌草相结合的种植方法，辅以浇水措施，约需10年，植被覆盖率可达到60％以上。     

基于人类需求的河岸带生态系统服务功能评价——以郑州市花园口黄河为例

以郑州市花园口黄河河岸带为例,分析区域内人类需求和河岸带的特征,构建评价指标体系,通过问卷调查收集数据,运用层次分析法和综合指数法进行数据分析.结果显示:物质产品生产和景观游憩是影响其生态系统服务功能的主要因素;按照综合评价值将河岸带生态系统服务功能划分为5个等级,即优、良、中、差、很差,研究区综合评价指数为0.69,处于中等.根据评价结果和现场调查内容,提出合理开发利用城市河岸带生态系统服务功能的有效措施.     

基于遥感的东营市植被覆盖动态变化研究

以东营地区1995年和2010年两期TM影像为数据源,通过计算归一化植被指数,并利用混合像元二分模型计算植被覆盖度,其植被覆盖变化从低到高分为5个等级．植被覆盖度变化结果如下：从1995年一2010年东营地区植被中高和高覆盖度类型面积增加,其面积变化率分别为483．2％和168．35％,极低和低植被覆盖度类型面积减少,其面积变化率分别为61．01％和51．11％．从空间上看,东营地区整体植被覆盖度都有所增加,而北部沿海、中部城区的植被覆盖度有所下降,这与东营市近年来重视植被保护和城市化加速有密切的关系．     

高岭土矿区植被恢复与生态效应研究

以福建省闽清县高岭土矿区为例,选择了马尾松、胡枝子、桃金娘、茶树、绿竹、香根草、五节芒等作为生物复垦的先锋植物,并采取不同试验处理,经过3 a时间,对其生长和土壤改良状况进行测定.结果表明,马尾松、胡枝子、茶树、绿竹、香根草、五节芒乔灌草相结合的植物群落配置,结合熟土回填的处理,有利于植物较快生长,能较快地改善土壤肥力,取得较好的生态效益及明显的经济效益.鉴于这几种植物在亚热带的广布性,认为它们是亚热带高岭土矿区进行植被恢复的首选植物.     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi infection in desert riparian forest and its environmental implications: A case study in the lower reach of Tarim River

This study was conducted on the desert riparian forest along the lower reach of the inland Tarim River, which is located in the arid region of Northwest China. Fifteen plant species in 10 families were collected from five monitoring sections, and examined for the infection ofarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF）. The impact of different soil factors on AMF infection rate and intensity was compared using the principal component analysis （PCA） method. The results indicate that 11 species are AM and only 4 are non-AM plants. The estimated capacity of AMF infection depends on families of plants and also the parameters （infection rate, infection intensity, fungal spore density） used. The density of fungal spores was relatively higher in Phragmites communis and Populus euphratica in Graminaceae and Salicaceae families, respectively. The infection rate was above 50% in all the AM plants, except Calligonumjunceum. The highest infection rate appeared in Alhagi sparsifolia （97%） and Glycyrrhizainflata （92%）. However, when compared by AMF infection intensity, Tamarix spp. became the top one, followed by Alhagi sparsifolia, and Glycyrrhiza inflata was in the middle range of all the species. The PCA has identified that soil total salt, moisture, organic matter, total nitrogen, total P, available K and pH were closely associated with the AMF infection.     

曲线数值法在滨岸缓冲带中的应用初探

滨岸缓冲带是控制农业面源污染的最好方法之一,降雨径流的分配特征是其定量化研究的关键.曲线数值法所需参数少,可以解决区域径流的计算问题.首次尝试用曲线数值法计算缓冲带中地表径流的流量,并通过试验验证.得到了比较满意的结果.     

植被对太原市冬季气温的影响

对2007年的11月—2008年1月太原市不同下垫面的每日平均气温、最低气温、最高气温进行了比较分析,探讨了植被对于冬季温度变化的影响。