In vivo matrix-guided human mesenchymal stem cells

Microfracture of subchondral bone results in intrinsic repair of cartilage defects. Stem or progenitor cells from bone marrow have been proposed to be involved in this regenerative process. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that mesenchymal stem (MS) cells can in fact be recovered from matrix material saturated with cells from bone marrow after microfracture. This also introduces a new technique for MS cell isolation during arthroscopic treatment. MS cells were phenotyped using specific cell surface antibodies. Differentiation of the MS cells into the adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineage could be demonstrated by cultivation of MS cells as a monolayer, as micromass bodies or mesenchymal microspheres. This study demonstrates that MS cells can be attracted to a cartilage defect by guidance of a collagenous matrix after perforating subchondral bone. Protocols for application of MS cells in restoration of cartilage tissue include an initial invasive biopsy to obtain the MS cells and time-wasting in vitro proliferation and possibly differentiation of the cells before implantation. The new technique already includes attraction of MS cells to sites of cartilage defects and therefore may overcome the necessity of in vitro proliferation and differentiation of MS cells prior to transplantation. Received 3 November 2005; received after revision 15 December 2005; accepted 4 January 2006     

水稻钵苗对辊式拔秧机构

针对我国水稻钵苗移栽技术对栽植机械的要求,在分析现有机型特点的基础上,提出了用于水稻钵苗拔秧的对辊式拔秧机构的设计方案,并介绍了该机构工作原理;通过拔秧机构的运动和拔秧过程分析,确定了拔秧机构工作参数的选取原则和取值范围,完成了对辊式拔秧机构的设计、试制及试验．试验结果表明,采用对辊式拔秧机构实现了水稻钵苗的自动输秧和拔秧,具有结构简单、秧苗损伤小、工作可靠等优点,为水稻钵苗有序成行栽植机械的设计奠定了基础．     

热带地区几个珍贵树种干形曲线研究

准确描述热带珍贵树种的林木干形变化,可为预估各材种数量、蓄积量及合理造材提供支撑。以热带格木、红锥和柚木3个珍贵树种,共120株解析木为研究对象,利用简单削度方程、分段削度方程和可变指数削度方程分别构建格木、红锥和柚木3个热带树种的干形曲线方程,通过相关指数、剩余残差平方和、平均残差、残差方差和均方误差统计量比较分析,找出最佳削度模型作为3个树种最终的干形曲线方程,并对各曲线变化趋势进行了初步的定量分析。结果表明,所选的3类典型基础模型对每个树种的预估效果都很好,其中基于双因素自动优选法拟合且以分段削度方程构建的干形曲线预估效果最好。3个树种的干形曲线变化趋势表明:相对高在(0~0.8)时,柚木干形变化最大,红锥干形变化最小,格木干形介于二者之间;当相对高0.8时,红锥干形变化最大,格木和柚木干形变化几乎相同。因此,基于双因素自动优选法拟合的分段削度方程可作为3种热带树种的干形曲线方程,用于3种珍贵树种活立木蓄积量和材种数量的估计,以及指导合理造材。     

粳型杂交稻寒优湘晴与武育粳3号苗期光合特性的比较

研究了粳型杂交稻与粳型品种的光合特性。结果表明：杂交稻的根系活跃吸收面积、叶片单位鲜重的光合以素含量明显优于粳型品种，它的PSⅠ还原能力、PSⅡ氧化能力和叶片的光合速率，以及对光能的吸收能力均高于非杂交稻，杂交稻类囊体膜中与光合放氧有关的相对分子量为16000－18000、22000－25000，多肽组分在量上也优于粳型品种，根据所得的实验结果，认为杂交稻在光合特性上表现出杂交优势。     

核膜蛋白决定果蝇生殖干细胞命运的作用机制

核膜蛋白在染色体组织、基因表达调控、信号传递等过程中起着非常重要的作用。然而，这些蛋白在体内的具体生理功能仍然不清楚。本研究发现，核膜蛋白Otefin是果蝇生殖干细胞维持所必需的。作为一个内源因子，它在调节果蝇生殖干细胞命运时，既是充分的，也是必要的。数据显示，ote通过抑制bam基因的转录来调节BMP／Dpp信号通路。通过结构分析我们发现，Ote蛋白的核膜定位对于它维持干细胞的功能是必需的。最后，我们发现Ote是通过在bam沉默子上与Med／Smad4相互作用来调节干细胞命运的。研究结果证明，核膜蛋白的特定组分通过介导信号依赖的转录抑制来控制干细胞的行为。     

Identification of an S5n allele in Oryza rufipogon Griff. and its effect on embryo sac fertility

Oryza rufipogon exhibits abundant genetic diversity and contains many elite genes. In this work, a total of 441 accessions of O. rufipogon were genetically examined using the functional marker S5n, revealing that 18 accessions carried the S5n allele with a heterozygous genotype (S5nS5i/j). Of these accessions, 14 were from Guangdong Province, 2 from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 1 from Hainan Province and 1 from Jiangxi Province. Further sequence analysis spanning both sides of the deletion in S5n allel...     

傣族“竜林”文化的生态意蕴

竜林文化是傣族一种特有的文化。透过这一文化,傣族人展示了他们对森林的生态取向,即以崇拜的方式敬仰森林,以禁忌的方式阻止人们对森林的破坏。借助这些措施,傣族竜林成为了保存完好的自然保护区,弥补了当地其他自然保护区缺乏干性季节性雨林植物的不足。竜林提供的水源、有机肥料和病虫害天敌为傣族人顺利进行稻作生产给予了天然保障,促使他们能够依托稻作农业得以延续和发展。     

Ancient DNA sequences of rice from the low Yangtze reveal significant genotypic divergence

Rice (Oryza sativa) was first domesticated in the lower and middle Yangtze regions of China, and rice remains have been found in many Chinese archaeological sites. Until now, only phenotypic archeobotanical evidence, such as the spikelet bases of ancient grains, has been used to speculate on the domestication process and domestication rate of rice. In this study, we sequenced 4 genomic segments from rice remains in Tianluoshan, a site of the local Hemudu Neolithic culture in the low Yangtze and two other archaeological sites (~2400 and 1200 BC, respectively). We compared our sequences with those of the current domesticated and wild rice (O. rufipogon) populations. At least two genotypes were found in the remains from each site, suggesting a heterozygotic state of the rice seeds. One ancient genotype was not found in the current domesticated population and might have been lost. The rice remains belonged to the japonica group, and most if not all were japonica-type, suggesting that the remains might be at an early stage of indica-japonica divergence or an indica-japonica mixture. We also identified sequences with significant similarity to those from species of Sapindales, Zygophyllales, and Brassicales, which is consistent with the identification of other plant remains in the Tianluoshan site and the common rice field weeds such as mustards in southern China.     

PP333对水稻幼苗几种大量元素吸收及其外流的示踪研究

水培“特青”水稻幼苗经0.2及0.4ppm PP333处理5天,植株生长没发生明显变化,但植株矿质元素含量及根系离子外流都发生变化.在根系,~(32)P及~(36)Rb(K)含量显著增多,~(45)Ca含量减少;在地上部,~(32)P及~(45)Ca含量增多,~(36)Rb(K)含量无明显变化.根系~(36)Rb(K)及~(45)Ca的外流显著地受到PP333的抑制.结果表明,PP333主要是提高了水稻幼苗各部位矿质元素含量,并抑制根系离子的外流.     

几个水稻品种群体茎数灰色预测模型

根据水稻群体茎数变化规律,本文提出了茎数变化的数学模型,并且将参数灰化,建立了灰色模型,提高了预测精度。本文还建立了4类品种的参数与气象条件、管理条件的相互关系子模型。