橡胶种子油对猕猴体内脂肪酸组成的影响

本文报告用橡胶种子油喂养的猕猴，其腹膜后和肠系膜上的脂肪所炼取的油脂，进行脂肪酸组成分析中发现，含饱和脂肪酸明显减少，而含不饱和脂肪酸明显增多，为畜牧饲养业提供了一种新的改善动物油脂组成的饲养方法．     

美国桂花种子休眠原因的分析

通过对美国桂花种子的形态解剖、种皮结构电镜观察、种子透水性的测定及种子各组成部分抑制物的生物鉴定等试验,分析了美国桂花种子的休眠原因。结果表明:(1)美国桂花种子木质化种壳对种子的吸水透性有一定的阻碍作用,但不是引起种子休眠的主要原因;(2)美国桂花种子的胚没有休眠,离体胚在光照培养7 d开始萌动;(3)胚乳被严密包裹的机械作用使胚无法获得萌发所必需的水分和氧气,这可能是导致种子休眠的最主要的原因。     

水稻芒长及其分布特征相关QTL的定位

水稻芒的性状与驯化过程密切相关,具体表现为芒长短和芒的分布等．利用一个无芒品种越光（轮回亲本）和一个有芒品种Kasalath杂交产生的回交重组自交系群体,在上海、海南两地对芒长和芒的分布（芒出现比例）进行了相关分析及其相关基因（QTL）定位,结果发现这两个性状间存在显著的正相关．共检测到影响这两个性状的12个QTL,分布在6条染色体上的7个区域,贡献率介于2．90％-53．24％,其正效应大多来自有芒亲本Kasalath,但也有3个QTL正效应来自无芒亲本越光,并对这个现象产生的原因进行了讨论．本研究检测到的QTL及其两侧的分子标记可以用于水稻驯化的研究和理想型无芒品种分子辅助育种．     

基于扫描电镜技术鉴定菟丝子属种子

为准确鉴别菟丝子种子提供形态学依据,本文采用扫描电镜技术对14种菟丝子种子的种脐进行了观察。结果表明,菟丝子种子种脐细胞的形状,在不同种之间差异具有显著差异。这些特征可作为菟丝子种子鉴定和分类的依据。     

Geographical genetic diversity and divergence of common wild rice （O. rufipogon Griff.） in China

Using 36 SSR markers and 889 accessions of common wild rice in China, the genetic diversity and the divergence among different geographical populations are investigated. Guangdong Province has the largest number of alleles, which account for 84% of the total alleles detected in the study, followed by Guangxi Province. The Nei＇s gene diversity indices, from high to low, are in the sequence of Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Yunnan provinces. Two genetic diversity centers of Chinese common wild rice are detected on the basis of geographic analysis, i.e., the region covering Boluo, Zijin, Lufeng, Haifeng, Huidong and Huiyang counties of Guangdong Province and the region covering Yongning, Longan, Laibin and Guigang counties of Guangxi Province. The common wild rice in Yunnan, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Fujian provinces are diverged into respectively independent populations with relatively large genetic distances, whereas, those in Hainan, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces have relatively low genetic divergence. Under the condition of geographic separation, natural selection is considered as one of the primary forces contributing to the divergence of common wild rice in China.     

钙质紫泥田水稻优化配方施肥效应研究

研究了钙质紫泥田水稻氮磷钾的施肥效应,分析了肥料的因素效应及合理施用量．结果表明：（1）在试验施肥量范围内,水稻产量与肥料用量呈二次多项式函数关系;（2）磷和氮的效应高、钾肥效应低;（3）棕紫泥夹砂田水稻合理施肥量为每hm^2 N 125-130kg,P2O5 70kg,K2O 0-30kg,下湿紫泥田为N 85-90kg,P2O5 55kg,K2O 0-20kg;（4）地下水位高、湿害严重,是下湿紫泥田生产水平低、施肥效果差的根本原因,改造途径是深沟排水、脱潜治理．     

同源四倍体水稻雌配子体变异及反足胚形成研究

运用秋水仙素处理普通栽培水稻品种,成功获得一系列同源四倍体水稻品系.同源四倍体水稻雌配子体的发生遵循蓼型胚囊发育模式,但是在雌配子和雌配子体形成过程中观察到大量变异,这导致其有性生殖能力显著下降.在开花期及花期之前,同源四倍体水稻反足细胞生长旺盛,能够可以形成体积显著增大的细胞团.所有三个反足细胞都参与反足胚发生,位于中央的细胞经两次或多次分裂形成多细胞组织,该组织类似茎尖分生组织的“原体”;同时位于两侧的两个细胞经多次分裂,形成围绕中央细胞分裂组织的多细胞组织,该组织类似茎尖分生组织的“原套”.三种类型的胚囊影响同源四倍体水稻结实率,包括同源四倍体水稻正常胚囊(贡献率估计值为62%),正常八核七细胞结构小胚囊(贡献率估计值为26%)和正常且具有反足细胞增殖胚囊(贡献率估计值为12%).     

籼稻扬稻6号和粳稻苏沪香粳花药培养力的比较

为建立适合江苏水稻主栽品种花药培养的技术体系,本研究以籼稻扬稻6号和粳稻苏沪香粳为研究材料,分别从取样温度,低温预处理天数以及培养基中的蔗糖、琼脂和激素等研究不同水稻亚种花培的植株再生技术体系.结果表明:在气温26℃～31℃之间,扬稻6号在4℃低温预处理9d,接种到以M8为基本培养基,附加2,4-D1mg/L,NAA3mg/L,KT1mg/L,脯氨酸100mg/L,水解酪蛋白300mg/L,60g/L蔗糖和琼脂8g/L的花药愈伤诱导培养基中,可以获得高达8.5%的出愈率.而苏沪香粳在气温27℃～30℃之间,4℃低温预处理12d,接种到以M8为基本培养基,附加2,4-D1mg/L,NAA3mg/L,KT1mg/L,脯氨酸100mg/L,水解酪蛋白300mg/L,60g/L蔗糖和琼脂6g/L的花药愈伤诱导培养基中,可以获得高达15.05%的出愈率.扬稻6号和苏沪香粳花培愈伤组织转接分化培养基分别获得2.7%和5.7%的绿苗率.     

Generating of rice OsCENH3-GFP transgenic plants and their genetic applications

In order to investigate rice functional centromeres, OsCENH3-GFP chimeric gene was constructed and transformed into the indica rice variety, Zhongxian 3037, mediated by Agrobacturium. The integration of the exogenous genes in the transgenic plants was confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting. The transgenic plants grow normally during their whole life time, just like Zhongxian 3037. No significant defects were detected in either mitosis or meiosis of the transgenic plants. The overlapping of GFP signals and anti-CENH3 foci in both mitotic and meiotic cells from T0 and T1 generation plants indicated that GFP had been successfully fused with CENH3, so the GFP signals can well represent the CENH3 locations on each chromosome. To evaluate the applicability of the transgenic plants to other genetic studies, fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） using rice centromeric tandem repetitive sequence CentO as the probe was conducted on the zygotene chromosomes of pollen mother cells （PMCs）. It has been revealed that the GFP signals are overlapping with CentO FISH signals, showing that CentO is one of the key elements constituting rice functional centromeres. Immunofluorescent staining using anti-o-tublin antibody and anti-PAIR2 antibody on the chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis stages of the transgenic plants further reveals that OsCENH3-GFP transgenic plants can be widely used for studying rice molecular biology, especially for tagging functional centromeres in both living cells and tissues.