2,4-D对香瓜种子萌发特性的影响

利用不同浓度的2,4-D处理香瓜种子,观察种子萌发时发芽率及根的生长状况.结果表明,2,4-D提高香瓜种子发芽率的浓度在10-4～10-2g/L范围内,高于10-2g/L则有明显抑制作用; 10-4～10-3g/L有促进侧根发生及对根明显增粗的作用,10-3g/L对根的增重有一定促进作用.     

月见草籽中皂甙和甾体的提取

以月见草籽为原料,以乙醇-水做提取剂,采用溶剂浸取法提取月见草籽中的皂甙和甾体,通过化学法和光谱法对提取物进行定性分析,确定提取物为皂甙和甾体,同时研究了提取条件对提取率的影响.结果表明提取最佳条件是月见草籽和乙醇的质量比约为1∶8,乙醇体积分数95%,在回流温度下浸提8 h,该条件下的皂甙和甾体的提取率分别为0.405%和0.313%.     

水稻钵苗对辊式拔秧机构

针对我国水稻钵苗移栽技术对栽植机械的要求,在分析现有机型特点的基础上,提出了用于水稻钵苗拔秧的对辊式拔秧机构的设计方案,并介绍了该机构工作原理;通过拔秧机构的运动和拔秧过程分析,确定了拔秧机构工作参数的选取原则和取值范围,完成了对辊式拔秧机构的设计、试制及试验．试验结果表明,采用对辊式拔秧机构实现了水稻钵苗的自动输秧和拔秧,具有结构简单、秧苗损伤小、工作可靠等优点,为水稻钵苗有序成行栽植机械的设计奠定了基础．     

粳型杂交稻寒优湘晴与武育粳3号苗期光合特性的比较

研究了粳型杂交稻与粳型品种的光合特性。结果表明：杂交稻的根系活跃吸收面积、叶片单位鲜重的光合以素含量明显优于粳型品种，它的PSⅠ还原能力、PSⅡ氧化能力和叶片的光合速率，以及对光能的吸收能力均高于非杂交稻，杂交稻类囊体膜中与光合放氧有关的相对分子量为16000－18000、22000－25000，多肽组分在量上也优于粳型品种，根据所得的实验结果，认为杂交稻在光合特性上表现出杂交优势。     

Identification of an S5n allele in Oryza rufipogon Griff. and its effect on embryo sac fertility

Oryza rufipogon exhibits abundant genetic diversity and contains many elite genes. In this work, a total of 441 accessions of O. rufipogon were genetically examined using the functional marker S5n, revealing that 18 accessions carried the S5n allele with a heterozygous genotype (S5nS5i/j). Of these accessions, 14 were from Guangdong Province, 2 from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 1 from Hainan Province and 1 from Jiangxi Province. Further sequence analysis spanning both sides of the deletion in S5n allel...     

傣族“竜林”文化的生态意蕴

竜林文化是傣族一种特有的文化。透过这一文化,傣族人展示了他们对森林的生态取向,即以崇拜的方式敬仰森林,以禁忌的方式阻止人们对森林的破坏。借助这些措施,傣族竜林成为了保存完好的自然保护区,弥补了当地其他自然保护区缺乏干性季节性雨林植物的不足。竜林提供的水源、有机肥料和病虫害天敌为傣族人顺利进行稻作生产给予了天然保障,促使他们能够依托稻作农业得以延续和发展。     

Ancient DNA sequences of rice from the low Yangtze reveal significant genotypic divergence

Rice (Oryza sativa) was first domesticated in the lower and middle Yangtze regions of China, and rice remains have been found in many Chinese archaeological sites. Until now, only phenotypic archeobotanical evidence, such as the spikelet bases of ancient grains, has been used to speculate on the domestication process and domestication rate of rice. In this study, we sequenced 4 genomic segments from rice remains in Tianluoshan, a site of the local Hemudu Neolithic culture in the low Yangtze and two other archaeological sites (~2400 and 1200 BC, respectively). We compared our sequences with those of the current domesticated and wild rice (O. rufipogon) populations. At least two genotypes were found in the remains from each site, suggesting a heterozygotic state of the rice seeds. One ancient genotype was not found in the current domesticated population and might have been lost. The rice remains belonged to the japonica group, and most if not all were japonica-type, suggesting that the remains might be at an early stage of indica-japonica divergence or an indica-japonica mixture. We also identified sequences with significant similarity to those from species of Sapindales, Zygophyllales, and Brassicales, which is consistent with the identification of other plant remains in the Tianluoshan site and the common rice field weeds such as mustards in southern China.     

PP333对水稻幼苗几种大量元素吸收及其外流的示踪研究

水培“特青”水稻幼苗经0.2及0.4ppm PP333处理5天,植株生长没发生明显变化,但植株矿质元素含量及根系离子外流都发生变化.在根系,~(32)P及~(36)Rb(K)含量显著增多,~(45)Ca含量减少;在地上部,~(32)P及~(45)Ca含量增多,~(36)Rb(K)含量无明显变化.根系~(36)Rb(K)及~(45)Ca的外流显著地受到PP333的抑制.结果表明,PP333主要是提高了水稻幼苗各部位矿质元素含量,并抑制根系离子的外流.     

几个水稻品种群体茎数灰色预测模型

根据水稻群体茎数变化规律,本文提出了茎数变化的数学模型,并且将参数灰化,建立了灰色模型,提高了预测精度。本文还建立了4类品种的参数与气象条件、管理条件的相互关系子模型。     

稻谷壳流化床的燃烧特性

介绍了稻谷壳的物理化学特性及热重试验结果，与煤燃烧特性进行对比，阐述了稻谷壳燃烧过程中，挥发分与焦炭分阶段燃烧的概念；并通过燃烧试验提出了独特的以纯稻谷壳流态化燃烧方式为主的组合燃烧方式，为纯稻谷壳流态化燃烧锅炉设计和运行提供了理论依据。