Characterizations of dissimilar S32205/316L welds using austenitic,super-austenitic and super-duplex filler metals

UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel plates were welded to AISI 316L stainless steel using the pulsed gas tungsten arc welding process with three different filler metals: ER2594, ER312, and ER385. The microstructures of the welds were characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy, and all of the specimens were evaluated by ferrite measurements. The mechanical properties were studied through hardness, tensile, and impact tests. In addition, the pitting resistance equivalent number was calculated and cyclic polarization tests were performed to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the weld metal. The results showed that chromium nitride was formed in the heat-affected zone of the duplex side, whereas no sigma phase was detected in any of the specimens. The ferrite number increased from the root pass to the final pass. The absorbed energies of the impact test decreased with increasing ferrite number, whereas the tensile strength was enhanced. The fully austenitic microstructure of the specimen welded with ER385 exhibited the highest resistance to pitting corrosion at 25°C, and the super-duplex weld metal presented superior corrosion resistance at 50°C.     

海相巨厚砂岩油藏夹层精细地质建模方法研究

以塔里木盆地东河1油田石炭系东河砂岩油藏为例,从夹层单井精细识别和连井对比入手,以夹层地质知识库、岩芯分析化验资料和动态资料为约束,建立夹层三维地质模型。研究认为,在完善单层划分对比的基础上,基于地质认识开展层间、层内夹层平面分布研究,采用确定性建模方法将其嵌入到地质模型中,可以得到夹层与储层准确的三维空间配置关系;利用夹层岩芯分析化验资料建立夹层物性解释模型,将孔、渗解释结果作为输入建立夹层属性模型,使得结果更加逼近地下真实情况。后期千万级网格数值模拟运算结果表明,地质知识库与地质建模相结合、地质建模与数值模拟一体化的海相巨厚砂岩油藏夹层地质建模方法效果良好。     

基于统一混合网络理论框架的多层次超网络模型研究

统一混合网络理论模型具有比较丰富的拓扑特性,能够应用于许多实际网络的研究分析,因此开展基于统一混合网络理论的多层次超网络模型研究具有理论价值和现实意义。为此,将统一混合网络理论和超网络的特性相结合,构建了4种类型超网络模型,计算分析了混合比与拓扑特性之间的关系,对统一混合网络理论模型与超网络模型的特性进行了比较,发现一些新特点。     

新型热塑性的双酮酐型聚酰亚胺的合成与性能研究

以4,4’-对苯二甲酰二邻苯二甲酸酐(TDPA)和1,3-双(4-氨基苯氧基)苯(BAPB)为单体,采用2步溶液缩聚法,制得高相对分子质量的聚酰胺酸(PAA)溶液,经4种亚胺化工艺合成了TDPA/BAPB型聚酰亚胺(PI)树脂.通过FT-IR、WAXD、DSC、TGA、溶解性能等对PI树脂进行测试和表征.FT-IR表明4种方法均形成了酰亚胺结构,WAXD及DSC分析表明TDPA/BAPB型PI为部分结晶型结构,熔融温度(T_m)为363～370 ℃,TGA测试揭示乙酸酐/吡啶化学亚胺化PI耐热性能最佳,且较其它3种方法溶解性也更好,可溶于DMSO、NMP、间甲酚等强极性溶剂中.PAA溶液流延成膜性能良好,热亚胺化PI薄膜具有较好的力学性能,拉伸强度为118.3 MPa,弹性模量为2.5 GPa.     

Effect of tin addition on the microstructure and properties of ferritic stainless steel

This article reports the effects of Sn on the inclusions as well as the mechanical properties and hot workability of ferritic stainless steel. Precipitation phases and inclusions in Sn-bearing ferritic stainless steel were observed, and the relationship between the workability and the microstructure of the steel was established. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis of the steel reveals that an almost pure Sn phase forms and MnS-Sn compound inclusions appear in the steel with a higher Sn content. Little Sn segregation was observed in grain boundaries and in the areas around sulfide inclusions; however, the presence of Sn does not adversely affect the workability of the steel containing 0.4wt% Sn. When the Sn content is 0.1wt%-0.4wt%, Sn improves the tensile strength and the plastic strain ratio and also improves the plasticity with increasing temperature. A mechanism of improving the workability of ferritic stainless steel induced by Sn addition was discussed:the presence of Sn lowers the defect concentration in the ultra-pure ferritic lattice and the good distribution of tin in the lattice overcomes the problem of hot brittleness that occurs in low-carbon steel as a result of Sn segregation.     

Effects of elemental Sn on the properties and inclusions of the free-cutting steel

A new environment-friendly free-cutting steel alloyed with elemental Sn (Y20Sn) was developed to meet the requirements of machinability and mechanical properties according to GB/T8731-1988. The machinability of the steel is enhanced by the segregation of elemental Sn at grain boundaries. The effect of Sn segregation on intergranular brittle fracture at normal cutting temperature from 250℃ to 400℃ is confirmed. The formation mechanism of main inclusions MnS is influenced by the presence of Sn and the attachment of Sn around MnS itself as a surfactant, and this mechanism also explains the improvement in machinability and mechanical properties of the steel. In the steel, the relevant inclusions are mainly spherical or axiolitic, and are uniformly distributed in small volume. Such inclusions improve the machinability of the steel and do not impair the mechanical properties as well. Experimental results demonstrate that the appropriate content of Sn in the steel is 0.03wt% to 0.08wt%, and the remaining composition is close to that of standard Y20 steel.     

Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of Al-2024 alloy processed via a rheocasting route

This article reports the effects of stirring speed and T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-2024 alloy synthesized by a rheocasting process. There was a decrease in grain size of α-Al particles corresponding to an increase in stirring speed. By increasing the stirring speed, however, the globularity of matrix particles first increased and then declined. It was also found that the hardness, compressive strength, and compressive strain increased with the increase of stirring speed. Microstructural studies revealed the presence of nonsoluble Al₁₅(CuFeMn)₃Si₂ phase in the vicinity of CuAl₂ in the rheocast samples. The required time for the solution treatment stage was also influenced by stirring speed; the solution treatment time decreased with the increase in stirring speed. Furthermore, the rheocast samples required a longer homogenization period compared to conventionally wrought alloys. Improvements in hardness and compressive properties were observed after T6 heat treatment.     

Effects of ECAE processing temperature on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion behavior of pure Mg

A two-step equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) procedure was used to process pure Mg. The effects of ECAE processing temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of pure Mg were studied. The results show that the average grain size of pure Mg decreases with decreasing extrusion temperature. After ECAE processing at 473 K, fine and equiaxed grains (~9 μm) are obtained. The sample processed at 473 K exhibits the excellent mechanical properties, whereas the sample processed at 633 K has the lowest corrosion rate. The improved corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of pure Mg by ECAE are ascribed to grain refinement and microstructural modification.     

Effects of H content on the tensile properties and fracture behavior of SA508-III steel

SA508-Ⅲ steel was charged with different hydrogen (H) contents using a high-pressure thermal charging method to study the effects of H content on the tensile properties and evaluate the H embrittlement behavior of the steel. The results indicate that the ultimate tensile strength remains nearly unchanged with the addition of H. In contrast, the yielding strength slightly increases, and the elongation significantly decreases with increasing H content, especially at concentrations exceeding 5.6×10-6. On the basis of fractographic analysis, it is clear that the addition of H changes the fracture mode from microvoid coalescence to a mixture of river patterns and dimples. Carbides are strong traps for H; thus, the H atoms easily migrate in the form of Cottrell atmosphere toward the carbides following moving dislocations during tensile deformation. In addition, stress-induced H atoms accumulate at the interface between carbides and the matrix after necking under three-dimensional stress, which weakens the interfacial bonding force. Consequently, when the local H concentration reaches a critical value, microcracks occur at the interface, resulting in fracture.     

超支化缔合聚合物的制备及驱油性能

针对油田用聚合物的分子主链是线性结构,其耐温抗盐及抗剪切性能不理想,开展了新型聚合物的制备及
性能研究。制备了超支化水溶性缔合聚合物（HPAPAM）,结构经红外光谱（IR）和核磁共振氢谱（1H NMR）表征证实。
HPAPAM 在极稀释浓度区,分子内缔合明显,表观黏度低,随着浓度的增加,分子内缔合逐步转为分子间缔合,增黏性
能提高。与一般缔合聚合物相比,HPAPAM 在吴茵搅拌器（5 档,67 s−1）剪切1 min 后的黏度最终恢复率达95%;受大
分子的超支化效应的影响,HPAPAM 在整个剪切速率范围内表现出幂律流体性质。超支化的分子结构增强分子间的
缔合能力,在总矿化度62 000 mg/L,75,80 ?C条件下老化60 d 的黏度保留率分别为89% 和60%。岩芯驱替实验表明
水驱至含水率98% 后,与原油黏度相当的0.5 PV 聚合物段塞及后续水驱提高17.5% 的原油采收率。研究为油田用新
型聚合物提供了新的认识和选择。