角膜生物力学特性研究进展

 角膜的光学功能与其形态结构紧密相联,角膜形态的异常可导致近视、远视、圆锥角膜等眼部疾病。细致研究角膜的力学特性,建立有临床用途的生物力学模型已成为一个重要研究领域。本文以首都医科大学眼生物力学研究团队的研究工作为基础,综述在角膜力学特性研究中的实验测试方法和本构参数获取方法等方面的进展。     

Nanoindentation response analysis of TiN-Cu coating deposited by magnetron sputtering

To investigate the change of the mechanical properties of soft metals doped PVD(Physical Vapor Deposition)coatings after the migration of soft metal to the surface, TiN-Cu coating was deposited on Si(100) by magnetron sputtering. The microstructure and mechanical properties at room temperature and after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃ were investigated. The results showed that the grains were clustered and the microstructure was porous for TiN-Cu coating at room temperature, while many micro-and nano-sized Cu particles were observed on the surface after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃. The elastic properties of the TiN-Cu coating after vacuum heat treatment at 300℃ degraded compared with that at room temperature. The hardness and elasticity modulus of TiN-Cu coating kept constant(3.7 GPa and 125.0 GPa, respectively) with the increase of nano-indentation depth, while the hardness and elasticity modulus of TiN-Cu coating after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃ increased gradually.     

Effect of minor Sc on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

The as-cast and heat-treated microstructures and mechanical properties of the AZ91 magnesium alloys with and without minor Sc addition were investigated and compared in this paper. The results indicated that adding0.15–0.45 wt% Sc to the as-cast AZ91 alloy not only could modify and refine the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase but also suppress the formation of the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase. At the same time, the grains of the Sc-containing as-cast AZ91 alloys were also effectively refined. As a result, the mechanical properties at room temperature(RT) for the Sccontaining as-cast AZ91 alloys were effectively improved. In addition, adding 0.15–0.45 wt%Sc to the AZ91 alloy promoted the formation of the continuous precipitates(CP) during the aging treatment in spite of that the formation of the discontinuous precipitates(DP) was simultaneously suppressed. Accordingly, the Sc-containing as-aged AZ91 alloys obtained the relatively higher mechanical properties at RT than the as-aged AZ91 alloy.     

Influence of minor boron on the microstructures of a second generation Nibased single crystal superalloy

Boron is added into single crystal superalloys as a micro-alloying element to strengthen low angle grain boundaries.However,systematic investigations on the effect of boron on microstructures of single crystal superalloys are limitedly reported.The effect of boron on as-cast and heat-treated microstructures was investigated in two experimental Ni-based single crystal superalloys containing 3 wt% Re.The current results indicated that the volume fraction of(γ+γ′)eutectic and M_3B_2 borides was evidently increased,while the number of micropores was evidently decreased with the addition of 0.02 wt% boron.The(γ+γ′)eutectic could not be dissolved completely due to the lower incipient melting temperature caused by the formation of M_3B_2 borides.Meanwhile,the M_3B_2 borides were found to be enriched with indispensable strengthening elements Cr,Mo,W and Re,and this may lower the strengthening effect and cause stress concentration during high temperature creep.     

Coupling effects of tungsten and molybdenum on microstructure and stressrupture properties of a nickel-base cast superalloy

In order to comprehensively understand the forming mechanism of abnormal phases solidified in a nickel-base cast superalloy with additives of tungsten and molybdenum, the coupling effects of W and Mo on the microstructure and stress-rupture properties were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the precipitation of primary α-(W, Mo) phase depended tremendously on the amount of W and Mo addition. When the total amount of W and Mo was greater than 5.79 at%, α-(W, Mo) phase became easily precipitated in the alloy.With increasing of Mo/W ratio, the dendrite-like α-(W, Mo) phases were apt to convert into small bars or blockylike phases at the vicinities of γ′/γ eutectic. The morphological changes of α-(W, Mo) phase can be interpreted as the non-equilibrium solidification of W and Mo in the alloy. Since the large sized α-(W, Mo) phase has detrimental effects on stress-rupture properties in as-cast conditions, secondary cracks may mainly initiate at and then propagate along the interfaces of brittle phases and soft matrix. During exposing at 1100 ℃ for 1000 h, the α-(W, Mo) phases transformed gradually into bigger and harder M_6C carbide, which results in decreasing of stress-rupture properties of the alloy. Finally, the alloy with an addition of 14W-1Mo(wt%) maintained the longest stress lives at high temperatures and therefore it revealed the best microstructure stability after 1100 ℃/1000 h thermal exposure.     

Effect of cold rolling process on microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength β titanium alloy thin sheets

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-3.5Al-5Mo-6V-3Cr-2Sn-0.5Fe high strength titanium alloy sheets prepared by unidirectional cold rolling and two-step cross cold rolling were investigated. Results showed that the β phase grains were refined significantly by cold rolling followed by solution treatment for a short time.Compared to unidirectional cold rolling, the short time solution treatment after two-step cross rolling could significantly reduce the non-uniformity of the microstructure of the alloy sheets. After aging treatment at 550 ℃,the anisotropy of the mechanical properties still existed in the unidirectional rolled sheets, and the tensile strength was highest along the rolling direction. After solution and aging treatment, the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the two-step cross rolling process sheet was not obvious than unidirectional cold rolling,and alloy had good strength and plasticity matching.     

伪双曲方程一个非协调混合元方法超收敛分析

基于非协调EQrot1元和零阶R-T元针对伪双曲方程,建立了一个自然满足B-B条件的非协调低阶混合元逼近格式.借助单元插值算子的特殊性质、导数转移技巧和插值后处理技术,在半离散格式下给出了原始变量在H1-模和中间变量在L2-模意义下的O(h2)阶超逼近性与整体超收敛结果.同时,对于一个二阶全离散格式得到了原始变量H1-模的O(h2+τ2)超逼近性和中间变量L2-模的O(h+τ2)最优误差估计.     

极端嗜热菌Thermosipho melanesiensis普鲁兰酶基因的异源表达与酶学性质分析

选择来源于极端嗜热菌Thermosipho melanesiensis(DSM12029)的普鲁兰酶基因,以购自德国菌种保藏中心的基因组为模板,扩增出普鲁兰酶基因TM-pulA;利用酶切酶连构建了重组质粒pET21a-TM-pulA;转入大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)菌株中诱导表达并经纯化后,进行了水解产物分析和酶学性质测定.结果显示:TM-pulA为Ⅰ型普鲁兰酶,最适pH为5.8;最适温度是80℃;70℃下半衰期为4.75 h;Mn~(2+)、Co~(2+)、AL~(3+)、Fe~(3+)、SDS及EDTA对其酶活有不同程度的抑制作用;该酶的K_m、V_(max)、K_(cat)及K_(cat)/Km值分别为4.68 g·L~(-1)、0.0085 mmol·L~(-1)·s~(-1)、71.18 s~(-1)、15.21 L·g~(-1)·s~(-1).     

含位形权重的磁流变液孤立链流变剪应力模型

为降低采用标准孤立链理论模型计算高体积分数磁流变液流变剪应力时的计算误差,提出一种通过距离权重系数评价磁链间相互作用的流变模型.编写Monte Carlo仿真程序计算颗粒位置与磁矩方向矢量、同时输出与系统颗粒间距有关的距离权重系数.按标准和距离权重这两种链结构模型计算磁流变液剪切应力数值,并和4种磁流变液(30.58%~44.79%)的流变仪剪应力测试数据进行比较,结果显示,权重模型在磁场全范围内具有更高的计算精度,并且和流变试验实际结果基本符合,证实了磁链微观结构间的相互作用力是影响磁流变液流变特性的主要因素之一.     

粒度对硼铁矿介电特性及微波加热特征的影响

采用谐振腔微扰法测定了不同粒度的硼铁矿在频率为2.45GHz和温度为20~800℃的介电特性,并测定其在微波场下的升温特征.结果表明:随着矿样粒度的减小,填充层空隙率降低,其介电特性增强,微波场中矿样的升温速率加快.当温度高于200℃时,矿样发生热分解产生大量微空隙而增大了空隙率,矿样的介电特性呈下降趋势,使得微波加热过程中矿样的升温速率降低.粒度对硼铁矿介电特性和升温特征的影响研究为微波在冶金领域中的应用及节约能耗提供理论依据.