生殖生态学研究的现状与趋势

本文通过生物种的最适生活史格局、生殖与生长和生存的关系、最佳生殖频率、生殖配置、生殖产量及生殖对策等七个方面系统阐述了国内外生殖生态学的研究现状,并探讨了生殖生态学的发展趋势。     

抗磷脂抗体(APA)对人和动物生殖的影响

有关研究表明，动物许多自身免疫性疾病或免疫功能异常能够影响妊娠，与自身抗体——抗磷脂抗体(APA)有关。文章就抗磷脂抗体(APA)的种类、性质、作用机制、对人和动物生殖的影响进行了综述。     

一次性大运动量训练对青少年男子短跑运动员内分泌激素影响的研究

大强度训练后，运动员内分泌激素水平会发生不同程度改变，采用生化检测方法能准确地反映运动员训练后内分泌激素水平，为教练员及时调整训练强度、保证训练的系统性和科学性提供辅助指导．     

皖西白鹅雌鹅生殖激素水平研究

本文研究了皖西白鹅雌鹅几种主要生殖激素在生殖期与非生殖期的变化情况。相关激素测定的结果表明：血清中 垂体泌乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E_2) 和孕酮(P)含量在生殖期和非生殖期呈现规律性变化。随着雌鹅进入生殖期，雌二醇(E_2) 和孕酮 (P)含量都逐渐升高，特别是在生殖期的后期，二者都出现了峰值，然后随着雌鹅离开生殖期而逐渐下降。而垂体泌乳素(PRL) 在血清中的含量变化情况却与雌二醇(E_2) 和孕酮(P)含量变化情况相反。在生殖后期含量下降，而离开生殖期后，含量反而升 高。     

Seasonality in the reproductive phenology ofFicus: Its evolution and consequences

Summary Ficus can only reproduce if they are pollinated by mutualistic wasps that breed within the figs. Pollen-loaded wasps enter the figs when the female flowers are receptive. Several weeks later, their offspring load pollen within the fig and then emerge. As individual trees typically produce crops of synchronous figs at long intervals, the shortlived wasps have to move to another, receptive, tree. The wasp population can only survive, and hence the fig population reproduce, if there are trees fruiting all over the year. When only few trees are present within a population gaps in the flowering sequence may lead to the extinction of the local pollinator population. Two models are presented. One investigates the number of trees necessary in order to sustain a local pollinator population when the tree population has a seasonal pattern of fruiting. The second model investigates how such a seasonal pattern may evolve within a fig population as a result of individual selection on the trees. It is shown that pollinator populations are fragilized under seasonal conditions. Hence, the breeding system ofFicus limits their expansion into highly seasonal habitats. Seasonal habitats may also lead to seasonal adjustment of male versus female investments and to the evolution of dioecy.     

Fluorescent immunosensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer between CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and Au nanorods for PRRSV detection

An ultrasensitive and selective sandwich-type fluorescent immunosensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and Au nanorods (AuNRs) was developed for the rapid detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Modified CdSe/ZnS QDs and AuNRs were bioconjugated with primary antibodies M and GP5, respectively. When the target antigen was present, a well-known sandwich-type form CdSe/ZnS QDs-M antibody-antigen-GP5 antibody-AuNRs was produced, and thus reducing the distance between the QDs and NRs. As a result, FRET occurred and the fluorescence intensity of CdSe/ZnS QDs decreased, and this decrease was used to determine the antigen concentration. Ultrasensitive detection of PRRSV at low concentrations in swine serum was achieved with a limit of detection of 0.55 TCID₅₀/mL and a linear detection range of 10¹–3.5 ?× ?10⁴ TCID₅₀/mL. Therefore, the fluorescent immunosensor is selective and highly sensitive; specifically, it can detect PRRSV at low concentrations in swine serum over a large concentration range. This proposed detection method can facilitate the development of high-performance fluorescent immunosensors for the detection of PRRSV and other antigens.     

四种活性炭吸附典型内分泌干扰物DBP的特性研究

在测定4种颗粒状活性炭常规性能指标（比表面积、亚甲基兰值、碘值、苯酚值）的基础上,测定了4种活性炭对水中微量内分泌干扰物邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）的吸附等温线以及吸附效果,同时对活性炭的电化学再生进行了研究.结果表明：35℃时,4种活性炭均能有效地去除DBP,去除率高达90％以上;煤质1.0、煤质1.5、果壳和椰壳饱和吸附量分别为52.52 mg/g、29.90 mg/g、159.3 mg/g和147.2 mg/g.根据Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型对DBP吸附等温线进行拟合,更符合Freundlich模型.活性炭对DBP吸附量的大小与其比表面积、亚甲基兰吸附量、碘值、苯酚值存在一定的关系,为选择合适的活性炭来处理水中微量邻苯二甲酸类化合物提供参考依据.     

试论有性生殖在生活史中的确切阶段

归纳分析了目前关于有性生殖概念含糊、理解不同的状况,提出了生殖阶段概念。认为有性生殖作为生活史中的一个生殖阶段,应指配子产生至结合这一阶段,并包括产生配子的减数分裂的有关过程。     

Endorcine cells producing regulatory peptides

Summary Recent data on the immunologication of regulatory peptides and related propeptide sequences in endocrine cells and tumours of the gastrointestinal tract pancreas, lung, thyroid, pituitary (ACTH and opioids), adrenals and paraganglia have been revised and discussed. Gastrin, xenopsin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, motilin, secretin, GIP (gastric inhibitory beenrevised and discussed. Gastrin, xenopsin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, motilin, secretin, GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide), neurotensin, glicentin/glucagon-37 and PYY (peptide tyrosine tyrosine) are the main products of gastrointestinal endocrine cells; glucagon, CRF (corticotropin releasing factor), somatostatin, PP (pancreatic polypeptide) and GRF (growth hormone releasing factor), in addition to insulin, are produced in pancreatic islet cells; bombesin-related peptidesare the main markers of pulmonary endocrine cells; calcitonin and CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) occur in thyroid and extrathyroid C cells; ACTH and endorphins in anterior and intermediate lobe pituitary cells, -MSH and CLIP (corticotropoin-like intermediate lobe peptide) in intermediate lobe cells; met- and leu-enkephalins and related peptides in adrenal medullary and paraganglionic cells as well as in some gut (enterochromaffin) cells; NPY (neuropeptide Y) in adrenalin-type adrenal medullary cells, etc.. Both tissue-appropriate and tissue-inappropriate regulatory peptides are produced by endocrine tumours, with inappropriate peptides mostly produced by malignant tumours.     

用Matlab软件和LCD实现数字全息图的制作和再现

应用Matlab语言和液晶空间光调制器(LCD)实现了计算机全息图的快速制作,并对绘制出的傅里叶型计算机全息图进行了计算机模拟再现.结合博奇型和罗曼Ⅲ型不同的编码方法,讨论了应用Matlab语言制作计算机全息图的原理、方法和步骤,并分析了LCD器件的作用和局限.实验证明,这一方法与用传统语言编程和绘图的方法相比,可以减少3/4的计算量,输入一幅图像在电脑上运行,数秒钟后便可画出编码图和再现像.