不同杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病菌的毒力测定与田间药效试验

测定了6种杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病菌的毒力与田间病害防效,结果表明:氰烯菌酯和多菌灵对小麦赤霉病菌的毒力强,抑制中浓度EC50分别为0.23μg/m L和0.25μg/m L;戊唑醇的抑菌作用也较强,EC50为0.54μg/m L,甲基硫菌灵和三唑酮的抑菌作用明显较差.田间药效试验结果显示,25%氰烯菌酯500倍稀释液初花期喷雾对小麦赤霉病的防效达到83.84%,小麦千粒重比对照增加72.29%;50%多菌灵800倍稀释液处理防效达到79.43%,千粒重比对照增加74.87%.氰烯菌酯和多菌灵对小麦赤霉病的防效和保产效果均明显高于甲基硫菌灵、三唑酮、戊唑醇和嘧菌酯.     

邯郸市永年区不同PM修正模型麦田蒸散模拟对比

为探究不同PM修正模型在邯郸市永年区麦田的结构适应性、模拟准确性,以田间水量平衡计算结果为参照,分别选取了3种不同结构形式的PM修正模型命名为PM-1、PM-2和PM-3模型,模拟了永年区冬小麦关键生长期(4—5月)内的农田蒸散,并对比评价其模拟效果。结果表明:模拟精度方面,PM-1模型模拟的决定性系数和整体评价指标的平均值最高,分别为0.773和3.105,而PM-3模型模拟的两个指标最低,分别为0.701和-2.904;PM-1模型时间分布均衡度最高,PM-2模型最低;3种修正模型各具优点和局限性,对永年区蒸散模拟PM-1模型更具适应性。     

Studies on the utilization potentiality of the nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid in wheat

A series of comparative studies was carried out on the genetic effects of 25 alien cytoplasms of wheat on the growth potential, heading stage, fertility, resistance against diseases, important agronomic traits and its heterosis of 125 nuclei-cytoplasmic hybrids of wheat. The results indicated that there were clearly effects of alien cytoplasms on some characteristics, but the nucleus still exerted main effect on other characteristics. The effect of interactions between nucleus and cytoplasm was comparative obvious in some combination. Consequently, when we utilize the effects of alien cytoplasms, we should pay full attention to the facts such as the characteristic to be improved, the effects of cytoplasm, nucleus, the nucleus-cytoplasm interactions on that characteristics. From the preliminary studies, we believed that the cytoplasmic types of M⁰, S¹, S^v, D², D and B, and the nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrids of (Ae. sharonensis)-B174, (Ae. squarrosa)-352-35 (Ae. cylindrica)-352-35, (Ae. cylindria)-E EN-1, (Ae. cylindrica)-NPFP, and (Ae. speltoides)-352-35 would have some utilization potentiality in cultivar improvement. Foundation item: supported by the Foundation of National 8th Five-year-plan of China Biography: CHEN Jun-ying, (1964-), male, lecturer, and now worked in Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China     

世界小麦生产上的危险性病害-小麦印度腥黑穗病

介绍了世界检疫性病害小麦印度腥黑穗病的生物学特性、危害特点及其分布,重点分析了该病害流行趋势和所需的气候条件,为防治该病传入我国,更好保护我国的小麦生产安全提供依据。     

小麦温光生态研究及其在生产中的应用进展

文章对小麦温光反应理论，温度和光照在小麦生长和发育过程中的相互关系，以及温光反应理论在生产实践中的应用新进展进行了总结，可为小麦温光生态的研究和小麦生产实践提供理论指导。     

建设优质专用小麦商品粮生产基地之浅见

分析了闻喜县优质专用小麦生产中存在的问题，提出只有通过进行管理机制的创新、采取切实可行的措施解决生产中的实际问题，才能建设好全国优质专用小麦商品粮生产基地。     

麦草碱—乙醇浆性能的初步研究

对纤维分离点处的麦草碱—乙醇浆,麦草苛性钠浆的打浆性能和纸页物理性能的比较发现:麦草碱—乙醇浆得率高12%(绝对值)左右,浆料易打浆,但相同打浆度下,纸页抗撕裂性能较差、脆裂度较大。脱除其部分残余木素后纸页性能得到改善。不论何种浆,打浆过程中纤维形态结构以及纤维的超分子结构的变化都较大地影响纸页的脆性。     

Relationships of Aegilops tauschii revealed by DNA fingerprints: The evidence for agriculture exchange between China and the West

Genetic diversity and relationships of wild goat grass (Aegilops tauschii Cosson) from Iran and Xinjiang,west China,as well as its weedy type from the Yellow River region of Shaanxi and Henan provinces in China were analyzed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprints.A high level of genetic diversity in Aegilops tauschii accessions from Iran was observed,and the richness of genetic diversity was followed by accessions from Shaanxi,Henan,and Xinjiang.The weedy type of Aegilops tauschii showed a close genetic relationship with the wild type from different regions in Iran.The results indicated that the weedy Aegilops tauschii found in the Yellow River region was most likely introduced from lran-the diversity center of Aegilops tauschii.The weedy Aegilops tauschii populations found in the Yellow River region may be brought into the central part of China as a weed species together with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from the West during various periods of time in history.This finding has provided strong evidence for the introduction of common wheat from the West into China via the Silk Road,and also demonstrated the important role of the Silk Road in the exchange of agri-culture and other relevant technologies between China and the West.     

沈阳地区冬小麦幼穗分化规律研究

本文研究了沈阳地区冬小麦的田间存活率、生育期、主茎春生叶龄等几个指标与冬小麦幼穗分化规律的关系.结论表明：田间存活率在品种间差别不显著,播期间显著.不同处理对全生育期及各个生育时期有很大的影响.叶龄可以作为反映幼穗分化阶段的辅助指标.各处理都没有观察到冬前生长锥伸长.返青后开始穗分,成穗分化历时一个半月左右.二棱期至小花分化期间隔日数长短决定能否分化更多的小穗数.