人参皂苷Re的药理作用研究进展

为了使人参皂苷Re(Ginsenoside Re,GS-Re)在新药研究开发方面得到更深入的探讨,通过整理近十年的相关文献,对GS-Re的保护心血管系统、中枢神经系统、降血糖以及抗休克、抗血小板聚集等多种药效作用及药动学进行了综述。提出未来可考虑采用成酯的修饰方法对其结构内部的羟基官能团进行化学修饰,进而改变或加强GS-Re原有的理化性质。     

赤霉素对'大富贵'芍药休眠解除及内源激素和糖类代谢的影响

研究不同质量浓度赤霉素（GA₃，0、100、200、300、1 000 mg/L）替代低温解除芍药品种‘大富贵’休眠的效果，探讨休眠解除前后其内源激素和糖类代谢生理变化，为生产上利用GA₃解除芍药休眠及调控花期提供理论及技术支撑。     

酒精的代谢及与相关疾病的特殊剂量关系

酒精作为一种颇具争议的饮料其对于人类健康的影响逐渐成为研究热点，与相关疾病的作用关系各类研究众说纷纭，分析结果显示适量酒精的摄入会比戒酒者或者酗酒者更有助于改善相关疾病的发生发展，但由于实验对象种族、性别、人群的不同，这种剂量关系存在差异性，同时也与受试者的饮酒方式和膳食条件有一定影响．提示选择健康的饮酒方式不可盲目，应根据自身对酒精的代谢能力而选择．     

冬眠及外源维生素C对中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)稚鳖能量代谢的影响

观测了冬眠前饲料中添加外源维生素C(Vc)对冬眠中华鳖稚鳖能量代谢的影响.结果发现外源Vc不能提高冬眠期间中华鳖的存活率(P=0.57).稚鳖个体在冬眠期间生长能的平均值为-0.15 kJ.d-1,该值与代谢耗能相当.鳖体蛋白、脂肪、水分和灰分质量分数w在冬眠前后无显著差异(P>0.05),外源Vc对鳖的体组成没有明显影响(P>0.05).冬眠8周后,肝脏线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶(COX)和肝脏乳酸锐氢酶(LDH)的活性显著下降(P<0.05).饲料外源Vc对肝脏线粒体蛋白含量、肝脏线粒体COX和LDH的活性均无影响(P>0.05).     

Activation and inactivation of thyroid hormone by deiodinases: Local action with general consequences

The thyroid hormone plays a fundamental role in the development, growth, and metabolic homeostasis in all vertebrates by affecting the expression of different sets of genes. A group of thioredoxin fold-containing selenoproteins known as deiodinases control thyroid hormone action by activating or inactivating the precursor molecule thyroxine that is secreted by the thyroid gland. These pathways ensure regulation of the availability of the biologically active molecule T3, which occurs in a time-and tissue-specific fashion. In addition, because cells and plasma are in equilibrium and deiodination affects central thyroid hormone regulation, these local deiodinase-mediated events can also affect systemic thyroid hormone economy, such as in the case of non-thyroidal illness. Heightened interest in the field has been generated following the discovery that the deiodinases can be a component in both the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway and the TGR-5 signaling cascade, a G-protein-coupled receptor for bile acids. These new mechanisms involved in deiodinase regulation indicate that local thyroid hormone activation and inactivation play a much broader role than previously thought. Received 29 August 2007; received after revision 11 October 2007; accepted 16 October 2007     

Bile Acids: Chemistry, Pathochemistry, Biology, Pathobiology, and Therapeutics

Bile acids and bile alcohols in the form of their conjugates are amphipathic end products of cholesterol metabolism with multiple physiological functions. The great variety of bile acids and bile alcohols that are present in vertebrates are tabulated. Bile salts have an enterohepatic circulation resulting from efficient vectorial transport of bile salts through the hepatocyte and the ileal enterocyte; such transport leads to the accumulation of a pool of bile salts that cycles between the liver and intestine. Bile salt anions promote lipid absorption, enhance tryptic cleavage of dietary proteins, and have antimicrobial effects. Bile salts are signaling molecules, activating nuclear receptors in the hepatocyte and ileal enterocyte, as well as an increasing number of G-protein coupled receptors. Bile acids are used therapeutically to correct deficiency states, to decrease the cholesterol saturation of bile, or to decrease the cytotoxicity of retained bile acids in cholestatic liver disease.     

内质网应激对小鼠脂肪组织的影响

为了探究内质网应激对小鼠白色脂肪组织的影响,通过腹腔注射衣霉素(tunicamycin, TM)诱导小鼠体内内质网应激,构建内质网应激小鼠模型,然后获取小鼠附睾处白色脂肪组织,并采用RT-PCR和Western blot检测白色脂肪组织中内质网应激相关因子的mRNA水平及蛋白表达情况,通过荧光显微镜观察白色脂肪组织细胞的变化,测定甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸含量及脂肪细胞因子和炎症因子分泌情况.结果表明：1.0 mg/kg TM处理72 h诱导小鼠内质网应激效果最佳;内质网应激可以导致白色脂肪组织比例减少,脂肪细胞直径减小,脂解反应增多,脂肪细胞因子分泌减少及炎症反应增多等.该研究结果说明内质网应激可以诱导小鼠脂肪组织中发生脂解,进而介导脂代谢紊乱.     

排球比赛的时间特征与能量代谢分析

采用文献资料、逻辑分析等研究方法,依据排球比赛的时间、技术应用特点,导出排球比赛是在长时低到中等强度、短时大强度爆发式用力动作相结合的一种间歇式运动.并根据能量代谢系统的供能特点,总结出比赛中运动员的能量代谢是以磷酸原代谢为主体、有氧氧化代谢为基础、并伴有部分乳酸能参与代谢而供能的,为了使运动强度和运动量必须与能量的消耗和再合成之间的速度相匹配,要求在教学训练中,一定要按照比赛的规律和供能特征科学系统的安排好教学和训练内容、方法和手段.     

林麝饲养标准

本标准依据家养麝的常用饲料营养成分、消化、代谢和饲养试验结果的大量资料制定。包括仔麝、育成雌雄麝、成年雌雄麝和繁殖雌麝等七种饲养标准。按本标准饲养大群雌麝的繁殖率比对照组提高34％,雄麝的麝香产量比对照组提高19％。     

影响鱼类代谢的主要生态因素的研究进展

对影响鱼类呼吸代谢的主要生态因子:水温、体重、光周期、季节、昼夜时间以及水中溶解氧浓度等的最新研究进展进行了综述。根据我们最近的研究,结合Joblinz有关代谢体重指数b变化的生理机制的观点,就温度和体重对代谢产生交互作用的机制提出了看法:随着温度的上升,维持内稳态耗能量变化的比例与组织的修复和更新耗能量变化比例的不同,是b值随温度改变的原因;鱼类普遍存在这种交互作用,该作用在温度与体重之间通常呈负效应。