中国北方人口、粮食和降水量的时空变化

从整个北方地区和不同降水带2个空间尺度对1961-2000年降水量的变化进行分析,得出年降水量总体有减少的趋势,各降水带变化大体有3种类型.在这2种尺度下的人口、粮食产量和降水量变动趋势的匹配关系表明,北方地区存在人口增加、粮食产量大幅度增加与降水量减少的匹配关系;不同降水带这三者变化的匹配关系存在显著差异.人口和粮食产量的增加在降水量减少时必然要挤占生态用水,因此,本研究可为探讨人类活动对干旱化的贡献率提供科学依据.     

ST401塑料闪烁体中子探测效率刻度及相对发光产额的测定

作者在四川大学原子核科学技术研究所2.5MeV静电加速器上，利用^3H(p,n)^3Li和^2H(d,n)^3He核反应作为中子源，在0.6-5MeV中子能区内的5个中子能点，对直径为40mm，厚度分别为5mm,10mm和20mm的ST401塑料闪烁体的中子探测效率进行了刻度，并测定了相对发光产额。在实验中，中子注量是采用金活化法并用长计数器计数归一的方法确定的。     

优质杂交稻新组合绵5优527的产量构成因素分析

运用相关、通径分析的方法分析了四川省优质水稻新组合绵5优527的产量构成因素之间的关系,并得出了其主要经济性状的多元回归方程.结果表明,绵5优527的千粒重变异不大,有效穗是产量构成的最重要因素,保持一定的实粒数是高产的前提.     

金属粒子/绝缘油体系的力学性质

推广基于多极展开原理的Rayleigh 方程研究具有绝缘外层的金属粒子和绝缘油所组成的理想电流变体系的力学性质,计算了体系的有效介电常数. 基于颗粒链模型, 研究体系剪切应力随剪切角的变化关系,计算了体系的剪切模量.     

加水热解条件下煤正构单体烃的生排特征

对加水热解条件下煤的生排烃特征进行了分析，煤的正构单体烷烃排烃效率与实际地质情况下排烃效率有差异，因此，煤加水热解条件下的排烃效率不能直接用于实际的地质情况，而应当与具体的情况结合起来加以修正才可应用。煤的液态产物正构单体烷烃中基本以低碳数部分为主，高峰产率碳数集中于Ｃ１４以下，而这部分烃在一般的氯仿沥青“Ａ”抽提过程中基本都损失了。并且分子越小，损失越多，因而在利用一般的氯仿沥青“Ａ”数据计算生烃量、排烃量和资源量时，应对轻质烃部分进行适当的校正。各正构单体烷烃的排烃特征不一致，产率较高的Ｃ９－Ｃ１２排烃效率较低，Ｃ１３－Ｃ３０部分正构单体烷烃的排烃效率却较高，Ｃ８以下的低碳数部分排烃效率也高。     

喀斯特地区坡耕地细沟侵蚀产流产沙过程及特征

为研究喀斯特地区坡耕地不同条件下产流产沙特征,通过野外细沟侵蚀模拟实验,分析径流侵蚀的发展机理及其影响因素,深入研究径流侵蚀过程的产沙特征,结果表明：在相同流量下,试验区表现为坡度越大初始含沙量越高,且地表含沙量随降雨时间的增加呈不同程度递减趋势,仅红枫湖含沙量随降雨时间呈“双波峰”状态;流量为5 L·min-1下,坡度增加到20°对径流含沙量有一定的抑制作用,10 L·min-1流量下,含沙量均随坡度增大呈不同增加趋势,且与坡度均呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0. 985、0. 913、0. 938、0. 910;南明区试验点计算得到的Kr值最低,抗侵蚀能力最强。对于各试验点,含沙量总体随时间增加呈递减趋势,并与坡度存在显著正相关,且黏粒含量越高土壤抗蚀性越强。     

Enzymology of NAD+ homeostasis in man

This review describes the enzymes involved in human pyridine nucleotide metabolism starting with a detailed consideration of their major kinetic, molecular and structural properties. The presentation encompasses all the reactions starting from the de novo pyridine ring formation and leading to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) synthesis and utilization. The regulation of NAD⁺ homeostasis with respect to the physiological role played by the enzymes both utilizing NAD⁺ through the nonredox NAD⁺-dependent reactions and catalyzing the recycling of the common product, nicotinamide, is discussed. The salient features of other enzymes such as NAD⁺ pyrophosphatase, nicotinamide mononucleotide 5-nucleotidase, nicotinamide riboside kinase and nicotinamide riboside phosphorylase, described under miscellaneous, are likewise presented.Received 30 April 2003; received after revision 9 June 2003; accepted 20 June 2003     

Identification and characterization of a highly thermostable bacteriophage lysozyme

Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage KMV is a T7-like lytic phage. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the structural proteins revealed gene product 36 (gp36) as part of the KMV phage particle. The presence of a lysozyme domain in the C terminal of this protein (gp36C) was verified by turbidimetric assays on chloroform-treated P. aeruginosa PAO1 and Escherichia coli WK6 cells. The molecular mass (20,884 Da) and pI (6.4) of recombinant gp36C were determined, as were the optimal enzymatic conditions (pH 6.0 in 16.7 mM phosphate buffer) and activity (4800 U/mg). Recombinant gp36C is a highly thermostable lysozyme, retaining 26% of its activity after 2 h at 100°C and 21% after autoclaving. This thermostability could prove an interesting characteristic for food conservation technology.Received 13 July 2004; received after revision 31 August 2004; accepted 6 September 2004     

Molecular cloning and characterisation of DESC4, a new transmembrane serine protease

Type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) are a growing family of multidomain proteins. Among the TTSPs, a new subfamily of HAT/DESC1-like ( human airway trypsin-like protease/ differentially expressed in squamous cell carcinoma gene 1) proteases is emerging consisting so far of four members: DESC1–3 and HAT. The cDNA of a new member of this subfamily, named DESC4, was isolated from rat tongue tissue and characterised. Analysis of selected tissues by RT-PCR demonstrated expression of DESC4 in brain, colon, heart, liver, lung and tongue. At the cellular level, DESC4 expression is confined to epithelial cells within the cleft of the circumvallate papillae extending into the ducts of minor salivary glands, the respiratory epithelium of the nasal cavity and tear gland ducts of the eyes as analysed by in situ hybridisation of sensory organ tissues. In transfected mammalian cells, DESC4 is localised to the plasma membrane as shown by immunocytochemistry and subcellular fractionation experiments. Our results suggest that we have identified a protease that is an important constituent of sensory systems and other organs.Received 20 June 2004; received after revision 3 September 2004; accepted 17 September 2004     

Parsimonious modeling and forecasting of corporate yield curve

This paper investigates the sensitivity of out‐of‐sample forecasting performance over a span of different parameters of l in the dynamic Nelson–Siegel three‐factor AR(1) model. First, we find that the ad hoc selection of l is not optimal. Second, we find a substantial difference in factor dynamics between investment‐grade and speculative‐grade corporate bonds from 1994:12 to 2006: 4. Third, we suggest that the three‐factor model is sufficient to explain the main variations of corporate yield changes. Finally, the parsimonious Nelson–Siegel three‐factor AR(1) model remains competitive in the out‐of‐sample forecasting of corporate yields. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.