归因理论与高校体育教学

高校体育是学校体育教学的最高和最后阶段 ,高校学生在校期间的体育成就行为将会对他们的终生体育有着深远的影响 ,对其加以研究并使之改善具有重要的现实意义 .当代归因理论已从结构模式的研究发展到社会的实际应用 ,为研究各种成就行为提供了有力的概念性工具 ,成为分析行为原因和进行归因训练的理论依据 .归因研究与实践是提高高校学生体育成就行为的重要手段 ,对高校体育教育具有很大的启示     

The emergence of objectivity: Fleck,Foucault, Kuhn and Hacking

The analytical notions of ‘thought style’, ‘paradigm’, ‘episteme’ and ‘style of reasoning’ are some of the most popular frameworks in the history and philosophy of science. Although their proponents, Ludwik Fleck, Thomas Kuhn, Michel Foucault, and Ian Hacking, are all part of the same philosophical tradition that closely connects history and philosophy, the extent to which they share similar assumptions and objectives is still under debate. In the first part of the paper, I shall argue that, despite the fact that these four thinkers disagree on certain assumptions, their frameworks have the same explanatory goal – to understand how objectivity is possible. I shall present this goal as a necessary element of a common project -- that of historicising Kant's a priori. In the second part of the paper, I shall make an instrumental use of the insights of these four thinkers to form a new model for studying objectivity. I shall also propose a layered diagram that allows the differences between the frameworks to be mapped, while acknowledging their similarities. This diagram will show that the frameworks of style of reasoning and episteme illuminate conditions of possibility that lie at a deeper level than those considered by thought styles and paradigms.     

主动数据库中规则合流性问题的一个解决方案

提出一种解决主动数据库中规则管理的合流性问题的新方法, 并与优先数方法进行比较     

基于Fuzzy推理的井壁稳定性预测系统

本文介绍了一个用于井壁稳定性预测的Fuzzy推理系统。该系统由动态数据库、知识库、Fuzzy推理和人机界面等组成。系统的有效性已为长庆油田定向斜井实例证实。     

Galilean argumentation and the inauthenticity of the Cigoli letter on painting vs. sculpture

This essay is partly a case study of the role of logic in historiography. It is also partly a test case for the thesis of a Galilean correspondence between aesthetic attitude and scientific thought, advanced by Panofsky, Koyré, and Heilbron. Intrinsically, it is a discussion of the authenticity of the letter to Cigoli dated 26 June 1612, widely attributed to Galileo, containing argumentation about the relative aesthetic merits of painting and sculpture. I undertake a systematic analysis of the letter’s method of argument, comparing and contrasting it with Galileo’s. I argue that the letter does have some Galilean characteristics: critical reasoning; ad hominem argumentation, in the seventeenth-century sense; and appeal to experimentation. However, the letter falls short of the typical Galilean open-mindedness, fair-mindedness, and clarity; crucially, it uses several illative terms which Galileo never uses, and does not use the one he uses most often. The latter features outweigh the former. Moreover, I discuss some aspects of the letter’s substantive content, primarily a theory of vision that disregards the dynamics of perspective and the faculty of binocularity, which Galileo understood and exploited very well. My novel argument vindicates an old judgment of Favaro, who doubted the letter’s authenticity.     

One Method of How to Reserve or Abandon and Understand the Exception Rule

As a special subject in the research on information diffusion mechanism in knowledge discovery field, the author presents a new method on deciding to reserve or abandon and understanding the Exception Rule, which is to analyze the changing trend of three parameters ( the support, confidence and LS), combining with the analysis of the historical changing trend of the support of the former and latter part of the Rule, in order to receive the acceptable rule and help users to fully understand them, and use them appropriately. This research has a significant effect on the post-disposal of knowledge discovery and its realizability and practicability.     

基于案例推理的某型航空发动机防喘控制系统故障诊断研究

针对某型航空发动机防喘控制系统故障特点,运用案例推理方法开展故障诊断研究。首先,对案例特征权重进行提取与计算、确定案例间相似度,在此基础上设计案例的三级推理策略,实现对故障的快速诊断与定位,有助于指导机务人员维修保障工作,提高维修保障效率。     

事实、规范与价值——法律推理体系重心定位

法律推理常处于一个由外部推理和内部推理织就的复杂网络中。法律推理作为一种有目的的实践活动,必须以法律事实为逻辑起点、以法律规范为准则、以法律价值为衡平,要求具备客观性、可预见性和一致性。法律事实认定、法律规范识别、法律价值论证是一个系统化的进程,价值原则始终作为主线贯串其中,不仅制约着推理体系的内在结构和逻辑关联,而且事关法律方法的活力与法治技术的发展。法律推理体系重心应定位于对案件事实的认定、对法律规范的选择以及在合法性与合理性张力下对法律价值的追寻。     

具有三种否定的模糊推理算法及应用

模糊推理中,合成规则推理方法（compositional rule of inference, CRI）与基于贴近度的方法（similarity based approximate reasoning,SAR）都是建立在只有一种否定的经典模糊集上。针对广义模糊集GFScom(generalized fuzzy sets with contradictory, opposite and medium negation)具有三种否定（矛盾否定、对立否定、中介否定）的特点,对模糊推理方法 CRI的蕴含算子作了扩展。提出了具有三种否定的GFScom贴近度定义和公式,得到模糊近似推理的一种新的计算形式GSAR方法,证明了GSAR该方法具有FMP(fuzzy modus ponens)还原性。通过应用实例对比,模糊推理GSAR的新方法不仅克服了CRI方法在建立模糊关系矩阵具有主观性和随意性的不足,而且客观有效地反映了模糊推理中的3种否定信息,丰富了模糊推理的形式。