基于J-C本构模型的2A12铝合金高速铣削特性研究

针对高速切削过程中切削参数选取优化问题,基于ABAQUS软件建立硬质合金刀具高速切削2A12铝合金有限元模型,通过仿真方法分析切削参数和刀具参数对切削力的影响,并进行铣削实验对仿真结果进行对比.误差在17%以内,验证了仿真模型的可用性.为高速铣削铝合金工件过程中,选择合理刀具几何参数与切削参数提供了理论依据.     

直接使用半固态等温热处理法将工业冷轧ZL104铝合金制备成半固态坯

Semi-solid isothermal heat treatment was proposed to directly process cold-rolled ZL104 aluminum alloys and obtain semi-solid billets. The effects of two process parameters, namely, temperature and processing time, on the microstructure and hardness of the resulting billets were also experimentally examined. Average grain size (AGS) increased and the shape factor (SF) of the grain improved as the process temperature increased. The SF of the grain also increased with increasing processing time, and the AGS was augmented when the processing time was prolonged from 5 to 20 min at 570°C. The hardness of the aluminum alloy decreased because of the increase in AGS with increasing temperature and processing time. The optimal temperature and time for the preparation of semi-solid ZL104 aluminum alloys were 570°C and 5 min, respectively. Under optimal process parameters, the AGS, SF, and hardness of the resulting alloy were 35.88 μm, 0.81, and 55.24 MPa, respectively. The Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner relationship was analyzed to determine the coarsening rate constant at 570°C, and a rate constant of 1357.2 μm3/s was obtained.     

无烟煤还原硫化焙烧高硅低铁低品位锡中矿回收锡

A new method for separating and recovering tin from a low-grade tin middling with high Si content and low Fe content by roasting with anthracite coal was researched by studying the reaction mechanism and performing an industrial test, in which the Sn was sulfurized into SnS(g) and then collected using a dust collector. The Fe–Sn alloy may be formed at roasting temperatures above 950°C, and like the roasting temperature increases, the Sn content and Sn activity in this Fe–Sn alloy decrease. Also, more FeS can be formed at higher temperatures and then the formation of FeO–FeS with a low melting point is promoted, which results in more serious sintering of this low-grade tin middling. And from the thermodynamics and kinetics points of view, the volatilization of the Sn decreases at extremely high roasting temperatures. The results of the industrial test carried out in a coal-fired rotary kiln show that the Sn volatilization rate reaches 89.7% and the Sn is concentrated in the collected dust at a high level, indicating that the Sn can be effectively extracted and recovered from the low-grade tin middling with a high Si content and low Fe content through a reduction–sulfurization roasting process.     

深井含硫工况C110套管环境开裂及表面防护技术

深井地质复杂、井眼轨迹变化大且面临高温高压含硫等苛刻工况,套管面临磨损、腐蚀损伤、断裂失效等各类风险,针对套管C110服役于含硫腐蚀环境且承受高水平拉应力时频繁发生环境敏感断裂的问题,采用慢应变速率拉伸实验（SSRT）法,研究了表面电镀Ni-W合金的套管C110在某气田模拟地层水中的环境开裂行为,分析研究表面电镀Ni-W合金对套管C110抵抗环境敏感开裂的防护效果。结果表明,套管C110在该模拟地层水中环境开裂敏感性较高,即使腐蚀速率较低仍存在环境开裂风险,且在慢应变速率拉应力作用下呈现典型脆性断裂特征;表面电镀Ni-W合金后套管C110的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高2.3%和6.3%;当表面电镀Ni-W合金并经过热处理后,套管C110在模拟地层水中的抗拉强度、屈服强度、断后延伸率和应变能均明显提高、环境开裂敏感性降低,断裂方式转变为韧-脆混合型断裂,说明在套管C110表面电镀Ni-W合金并进行热处理的方式,能够有效抑制套管C110发生腐蚀、开裂及破坏的风险,显著提升其抵抗环境开裂的能力及其在深井复杂含硫工况中的适用性。     

焊接速度对自适应双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接Al–Mg合金接头微观组织和机械性能的影响

The butt welds of 4-mm thick 5A06 aluminum alloy plates were produced by adjustable-gap bobbin-tool friction stir travel with travel speeds of 200, 300, and 400 mm/min in this study. The microstructure was studied using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed to identify the effect of the travel speed on the joint mechanical properties. Sound joints were obtained at 200 mm/min while voids were present at different positions of the joints as the travel speed increased. The EBSD results show that the grain size, high angle grain boundaries, and density of geometrically necessary dislocations in different regions of the joint vary depending on the recovery and recrystallization behavior. Specific attention was given to the relationship between the local microstructure and mechanical properties. Microhardness measurements show that the average hardness of the stir zone (SZ) was greater than that of the base material, which was only affected slightly by the travel speed. The tensile strength of the joint decreased with increasing travel speed and the maximal strength efficiency reached 99%.     

Discharge properties of Mg–Sn–Y alloys as anodes for Mg-air batteries

Mg–Sn–Y alloys with different Sn contents (wt%) were assessed as anode candidates for Mg-air batteries. The relationship between microstructure (including the second phase, grain size, and texture) and discharge properties of the Mg–Sn–Y alloys was examined using mi-crostructure observation, electrochemical measurements, and galvanostatic discharge tests. The Mg–0.7Sn–1.4Y alloy had a high steady dis-charge voltage of 1.5225 V and a high anodic efficiency of 46.6% at 2.5 mA·cm?2. These good properties were related to its microstructure:small grain size of 3.8 μm, uniform distribution of small second phase particles of 0.6 μm, and a high content (vol%) of (11(2)0)/(10(1)0) orient-ated grains. The scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) indicated that the Sn3Y5 and MgSnY phases were effective cathodes caus-ing micro-galvanic corrosion which promoted the dissolution of Mg matrix during the discharge process.     

福建土楼混合结构抗震性能的数值模拟分析

研究福建土楼外部夯土墙和内部木构架对土楼整体抗震性能的贡献,探讨方形和圆形土楼抗震性能的差异.采用有限元数值模拟方法,选取与福建土楼地质条件相近的两组天然地震波(EL Centro波和Taft波)和一组人工地震波,以圆形土楼承启楼和方形土楼世泽楼为例进行分析.分别对外部夯土墙和夯土-木构架混合结构进行计算,得到在地震作用下的应力、层间相对位移、层间位移角、木结构承受的水平地震剪力等性能指标.结果表明:地震力主要是由夯土墙的惯性力引起的,夯土墙占水平地震总剪力的97.4%;圆形土楼的应力和应变比方形土楼更均匀,空间整体性更好.     

Nb 对氢在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中扩散行为的作用

采用电化学氢渗透方法研究氢原子在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 和 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo-0.5Nb 合金中的扩散行为, 分析了 0.5%Nb(质量分数, 下同)对氢原子在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中扩散行为的作用. 研究结果表明: 当在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中添加 0.5%Nb 后, 合金的晶粒得到细化, 同时合金中析出大量弥散分布的细小 Fe$_{2}$Nb 相. 0.5%Nb 的添加大幅度降低了氢原子在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中的表观扩散系数, 使氢原子在合金中的扩散激活能提高了 50.3%. Nb 原子通过提高合金中的氢陷阱浓度, 有效降低了氢原子在 FeCrAlMo 基合金中的扩散速率.     

2021 年 2 期目录

β钛合金因其具有良好的生物相容性和耐磨性而被用作硬组织的替代物。对钛合金植入体进行表面改性可以保证材料的整体强度和弹性模量,同时使其与人骨接触部位能够呈现低弹性模量特性。选用Ti-40Nb合金作为基体材料,采用磁控溅射与去合金化相结合的表面改性工艺获得表面纳米多孔结构,并对纳米多孔结构进行微观组织表征和力学性能测试。结果表明,在0.5% HNO₃水溶液中去合金化4 h,随后在1 mol/L KOH水溶液中去合金化12 h,能够得到微纳通透的分层多孔,多孔结构的形成使得Ti-40Nb合金表面的弹性模量达到37 GPa,接近人骨的弹性模量,避免了应力屏蔽带来的影响,同时还保证了Ti-40Nb合金的整体强度。此外,通过分析铸态和薄膜态Ti-Nb-Cu合金去合金化形成多孔结构的过程,探索两者成孔机制的区别。     

微滴喷射法制备植物乳杆菌微胶囊的试验研究

通过对6005A合金铸锭均匀化制度和挤压工模具结构进行调整,来改善挤压制品的晶粒组织结构,进而达到提高6005A铝合金汽车梁挤压制品的力学性能及稳定性的目的。试验结果表明,适当调整铸锭均匀化制度以及减少模具工作带长度,对减轻挤压制品再结晶层厚度有明显作用,即当铸锭均匀化制度调整到510 ℃、保温6 h,降低模具工作带长度至3 mm时,可明显降低挤压型材制品再结晶层厚度,使型材组织更加均匀细小。型材T6状态下屈服强度由274 MPa提升到298 MPa,抗拉强度由291 MPa提升到313 MPa,断后伸长率则由9%提升到15%,达到稳定辊弯加工成形性的目的。