考虑关键性的多约束下辐射干扰对消装备随舰备件配置优化方法

可用度是评估备件对装备完好性影响的重要指标,针对备件关键性对装备可用性造成影响而又难以将其考虑在内建立可用度模型的问题,以舰载通信电台辐射干扰对消装备为对象,采用对备件关键性实行专家打分的方法,将备件关键性作为备件配置优化的约束之一,建立以备件费用、备件体积、备件关键性为约束的备件配置优化模型。在备件费用、体积及关键性归一化的基础上,采用权重因子方法将多约束转化为单一约束,并给出了权重因子更新方法。列举案例,分别计算了费用约束、体积约束、关键性约束和多约束下的备件方案,并对比了装备改进前后的备件配置方案,将装备使用过程中的备件保障延伸至装备可靠性设计阶段。案例分析结果表明:备件配置方法在考虑了体积、费用等限制约束下,能同时兼顾备件关键性对装备完好性的影响;装备可靠性设计时,提高装备可靠性低的现场可更换单元(line replaceable unit, LRU)等薄弱点,能有效减少装备维修保障资源。     

Varieties of noise: Analogical reasoning in synthetic biology

The picture of synthetic biology as a kind of engineering science has largely created the public understanding of this novel field, covering both its promises and risks. In this paper, we will argue that the actual situation is more nuanced and complex. Synthetic biology is a highly interdisciplinary field of research located at the interface of physics, chemistry, biology, and computational science. All of these fields provide concepts, metaphors, mathematical tools, and models, which are typically utilized by synthetic biologists by drawing analogies between the different fields of inquiry. We will study analogical reasoning in synthetic biology through the emergence of the functional meaning of noise, which marks an important shift in how engineering concepts are employed in this field. The notion of noise serves also to highlight the differences between the two branches of synthetic biology: the basic science-oriented branch and the engineering-oriented branch, which differ from each other in the way they draw analogies to various other fields of study. Moreover, we show that fixing the mapping between a source domain and the target domain seems not to be the goal of analogical reasoning in actual scientific practice.     

The Afrotropical thermophilic ant genus Ocymyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The taxonomy and biology of the Afrotropical thermophilic ant genus Ocymyrmex is reviewed and updated. A new key to workers for the 37 recognized species is presented and species-groups within the genus are delimited. Revised genus-level diagnoses for all castes are given and a check-list with known distributions of all species is included. Nine new species are described. The previously known biology of the genus is reviewed in the introduction and fresh biological and ecological information on a number of species is given in the introduction and under the individual species headings.     

What’s so special about model organisms?

This paper aims to identify the key characteristics of model organisms that make them a specific type of model within the contemporary life sciences: in particular, we argue that the term “model organism” does not apply to all organisms used for the purposes of experimental research. We explore the differences between experimental and model organisms in terms of their material and epistemic features, and argue that it is essential to distinguish between their representational scope and representational target. We also examine the characteristics of the communities who use these two types of models, including their research goals, disciplinary affiliations, and preferred practices to show how these have contributed to the conceptualization of a model organism. We conclude that model organisms are a specific subgroup of organisms that have been standardized to fit an integrative and comparative mode of research, and that it must be clearly distinguished from the broader class of experimental organisms. In addition, we argue that model organisms are the key components of a unique and distinctively biological way of doing research using models.     

Natural history of the Lined Seedeater Sporophila lineola (Aves: Thraupidae) in southeastern Brazil

The Lined Seedeater (Sporophila lineola) is a migratory species that inhabits a variety of open habitats in South America. We studied the breeding biology and territorial behaviour of a colour-banded population of the species in the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Florestal (1–19,8808ºS, –44,4136ºW), during two breeding seasons (2014/2015 and 2015/2016), which spans from December to April. We monitored 74 nests of this species. The nest is a low cup supported between a fork. Nests are mainly built with grass stems and rootlets, with spider-web used to hold the material together and to bind the nest to its supporting plant. Females are solely responsible for nest building and incubation, which is synchronic, and also for feeding nestlings to a large extent. Males are responsible for defending the territory, which corresponds to a small portion of the home range restricted to the nest environs, and also feed the nestlings. Mean clutch size is two eggs (78% of nests monitored), with clutches of three (20.3%) and four (1.7%) eggs also observed. Eggs are whitish, covered with dark brown blotches and spots to a variable extent. Mean incubation period, considered as the period between the onset of incubation and hatching of the first egg, is 11 days. Nestling period, considered as the period between hatching of the first egg and fledging of the last young, is 10 days. During the first breeding season, the simple percentage of successful nests was 34.1%, while the Mayfield success was 29.8%, with slightly higher values observed during the second breeding season, with 39.4% and 35.7%, respectively. We recorded, for the first time, three cases of polygamy in the species. We also recorded breeding site fidelity for the first time in the species, with males returning to the same territory owned in a previous breeding season.     

大功率白光LED在照明器具中的应用研究

根据一组1 W30lm的大功率白光LED的实测参数,结合PWM调制技术、Buck变换技术及电子器件散热技术,采用JY1604、SG3524集成电路,设计了大功率LED照明系统。实验结果表明:该系统控制的LED电流稳定,控制精度可达±1%;驱动电路输出电流可达1 A,可同时驱动多只大功率LED,且亮度可调;系统散热效果良好,LED连续工作后测量其温升,结果显示温升约为30℃,满足系统散热要求。     

分子生物学教学的探索与实践

分子生物学是生命科学基础课程之一,是生物工程专业重要的专业课之一。根据高等教育改革的基本指导思想,结合浙江科技学院办学特色和生物工程专业的特点,对该课程的教学内容、教学方法、考核方法等方面作了探索,并且通过科研促进教学和外聘客座教授现场讲课等方式,对促进本课程的教学做了初步的尝试。从学生评教和问卷调查情况来看,取得了比较好的效果。     

信息系统的电磁泄漏及其防护初探

评述信息电子系统的电磁泄漏与耦合机理,及其在恶劣电磁环境中可能带来的危害.讨论了抑制电磁泄漏辐射与传导发射的方法以及测试的相关问题.最后展望了电磁泄漏防护的发展趋势和今后应进一步探讨的相关课题.     

振动板声辐射模态伴随系数的测量

以工程常见四端位移为零的振动板为例,提出一种新的压电式传感器的设计方法测量第一阶声辐射模态伴随系数．利用特定形状的PYDF（Polyvinylidene fluoride聚偏氟乙烯）薄膜作为误差传感器,使PVDF输出信号为所需要的第一阶声辐射模态伴随系数．结果表明PVDF传感器不仅适用四边简支,四边固定以及介于两者之间的边界条件板结构,而且所设计的PVDF形状作为误差传感器对振动结构表面振速分布变化十分敏感．试验数据表明利用PVDF传感器测量振动结构第一阶声辐射模态伴随系数是可行的。