^210Pbex depth distribution in soil and calibration models for assessment of soil erosion rates from ^210Pbex measurements

Throughout the past decade, the potential for using nuclear weapon-produced 137Cs ( half-life 30.2 a) fallout to quantify soil erosion rates on both cultivated and uncul- tivated lands for medium-term timescales (≈ 40 a) has been successfully demonstrated in a wide range of envi- ronments in different regions of the world[1—6]. Because in difficulties of distinguishing Chernobyl-derived compo- nent from total 137Cs input in many parts of Europe, and in measuring low activity samples of…     

Progress in the study of tectophysicochemistry

Tectophysicochemistry is a research area that deals with the interrelations between physical and chemical changes of crustal materials caused by tectonism. A given tectonic force may be resolved into two parts: homogeneous stress and differential stress. Homogeneous stress refers to isotopic pressure, which is superimposed on the original pressure and affects the equilibrium of various chemical reactions. It is also a factor that influences petrogenesis,metallogenesis and metamorphism. Differential stress is commonly produced when external forces act on a given solid body. It may cause deformation of crustal materials and generate various kinds of structural features. Tectophysicochemistry pays special attention to pressure, temperature and other physicochemical conditions produced or induced by tectonism and studies the influences of additional tectonic parameters on various chemical equilibria, so it gradually develops into an independent area of science.     

呼气未正压通气治疗急性肺水肿

目的:评价呼气末正压通气(PEEP)治疗急性肺水肿的临床疗效。方法:30例急性肺水肿患者,在药物治疗基础上,加用PEEP(3～8cmH_2O)机械通气治疗,对比治疗前后血压(BP)、呼吸(R)、心率(HR)、氧饱和度(SaO_2)等动脉血气指标及胸片变化,同时与30例常规药物治疗组进行对比。结果:经PEEP机械通气治疗0.5～1h后,29例呼吸频率减慢、心率减慢,氧饱和度上升,血气指标好转,心功能改善,仅一例无效死亡。总有效率96.67％。结论:呼气末正压通气是治疗急性肺水肿快速、有效的方法。     

复杂条件下的低渗透油田生产特征

在考虑了启动压力、毛管力、重力等因素的情况下 ,推导了低渗透油田油水两相渗流时含水率和无因次采油、采液指数的数学模型 ,并分析了上述 3种因素在数学模型中的作用。结果表明 ,对于水湿油藏 ,毛管力和启动压力的存在使含水率和无因次采液指数增加 ,重力则使无因次采液指数降低 ,而对含水率的影响与地层倾角有关。 3种因素均对无因次采油指数无影响。在理论分析的基础上 ,对胜利油区大芦湖低渗透油田的含水率和无因次采油、采液指数进行了实例计算 ,进一步验证了理论分析结果的可靠性     

自平衡法在桩基承载力检测中的应用

介绍了一种新的静力试桩法——自平衡法，因其方法独特、操作简便、试验精度高等特点已在欧美等国家得到了广泛应用。介绍了该法的测试原理、试验装置、测试步骤及桩极限承载力的确定方法；分析了该法与常规静载试验方法测试原理的不同之处；提出了用荷载相等(Q1^i＝Q2^i)的原则，将该法测试结果转化为常规静载试验结果的处理方法，提出的处理方法使桩极限承载力的确定更加容易，而且得到的桩极限承载力数值偏于安全，使自平衡法更具有实用性；最后通过一个实例介绍了该法在实际工程中的应用。     

Loess-soil sequences in southern Anhui Province： Magnetostratigraphy and paleoclimatic significance

Two parallel loess-soil sequences from Xuancheng and Fanchang in southern Anhui Provinces are dated using geomagnetic and luminescence methods.The Brunhes/Matuyama(B/M) reversal boundary is recognized within the lower part of the so-calles Vermiculated Red Soil (VRS) in the Xuancheng section while the entire Fanchang sequence is of Brunhes age.This indicated that the most recent VRS in southern China,a stratigraphic marker and an indication of extremely warm-humid conditions,was formed during the middle Pleistocene,chronologically correlative with the S4 and S5 soil units in northern China.Microscopic and sedimentologic in vestigations reveal that eolian deposition started in this region at about 0.85 MaBp,roughly synchronous with the well-known Mid-Pleistocene climate change of global significance.The strengthening of both summer and winter monsoon circulations and the consequent river hydrological changes at that time would have provided favorable conditions for sustained eolian deposition in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River since 0.85 MaBP.     

污染物离子在粘土介质中扩散系数的测定

介绍了利用一种自制的特殊容器 ,测定污染物离子在粘土介质中运移的扩散系数的方法 .通过Fick扩散第二定律推导的扩散系数计算公式 ,求出了阴离子 (Cl-)和阳离子 (K ,Ca2 ,Zn2 ,Cu2 )的扩散系数 .试验结果发现 :阴离子在土壤中的扩散速度比阳离子大 ;二价阳离子的直径和电导率与扩散系数之间有明显的关系 .试验结果还表明 ,在土中加入少量的水泥 ,可大大减小污染物离子的扩散速度     

液体饱和蒸气压力和温度关系测定仪的研制

用特定材料和巧妙的方法设计制作了安全可靠和密封性好的微型锅炉 ,理论分析和实验证实压力容器(微型锅炉 )的上述性能 .以微型锅炉为基础 ,配以压力、温度传感器及控制电路制成了液体饱和蒸气压力和温度关系测定仪 ,通过对水、无水乙醇的饱和蒸气压力和温度关系的测定 ,证明该仪器在设计压力及温度范围内测得的数据与公认值吻合 ,具有一定的实用价值     

高层建筑桩基础对邻近隧道影响的监测与分析

在高层建筑施工期间,对邻近隧道的变形进行了监测,同时对高层建筑桩基础沉降对邻近隧道可能产生的附加沉降进行了计算分析。计算桩基础对邻近隧道产生的附加沉降要小于隧道沉降的监测值,最远的观测点距离主楼达1倍桩长,可近似认为处在桩基础的影响边缘,如果以该测点为基准点,隧道附加沉降的计算值与实测值就较为接近。这表明了有其它产生附加沉降的因素存在,为此讨论了振陷和地面沉降对隧道产生附加沉降的可能性,地面下沉使长桩基础的实测沉降偏小。     

吸水剂造林刍议

论述了吸水剂造林国内外发展概况，吸水剂主要性能及吸水剂造林方法。应用吸水剂造林，可提高土壤的水分含量，保持土壤水分，改善土壤结构，促进土壤中的水、气、热等因子的进一步改善，有利于树木成活和生长发育，提高造林成效。