秦巴山区桑黄18SrDNA的序列与亲缘关系分析

目的以采自秦巴山区的3个不同桑黄菌株作为研究材料,进行18SrDNA区段克隆测序和序列特征比较,进行亲缘关系分析。方法对18SrDNA序列进行核酸序列数据库GenBank同源性检索比对,将从GenBank检索获得的11个最相似物种的18SrDNA序列连同3个不同桑黄菌株的18SrDNA序列一起用于系统发育分析。结果 3个桑黄菌株的18SrDNA序列长度为桦桑1294bp,桑-s1337bp,桑转1289bp。结论其中2个桑黄菌株桑-s和桦桑与鲍氏针层孔菌(Inonotus baumii)聚在一起,相似性分别为99.8%和99.9%。     

HIV相关性口腔白色念珠菌rDNA基因型研究

目的:了解HIV感染人群和健康人群口腔白色念珠菌基因型的分布情况。方法:运用CA-INT特异性引物聚合酶链反应方法扩增白色念珠菌包含1类内含子的编码rRNA的25S rDNA区,根据扩增条带大小进行基因分型,并应用χ2检验对54株HIV感染人群和54株健康人群口腔白色念珠菌基因型别进行分析。结果:CA-INT特异性引物PCR法可将108株口腔白色念珠菌分为A、B和C型,以A型最多见,两组人群口腔白色念珠菌基因型分布基本相同,但HIV感染人群口腔白色念珠菌A型所占构成比高于健康人群,差别有统计学意义。结论:HIV感染人群和健康人群口腔白色念珠菌均具有基因多态性,CA-INT特异性引物PCR法是较好的口腔白色念珠菌种内菌株间鉴定的方法。     

室内饲养松墨天牛幼虫不同肠段细菌的群落结构及功能分析

[目的]了解室内饲养松墨天牛(Monochamus alternatus)幼虫前、中、后肠段细菌的群落结构,比较不同肠段之间菌群多样性和优势菌群的差异,为揭示肠道细菌在松墨天牛获取营养、克服寄主植物化学防御的机理提供参考.[方法]分别提取室内饲养的松墨天牛4龄幼虫前、中、后肠各3组样本(每组5个前肠、5个中肠、5个后肠...     

First observations on the phylogeny of the families Gammaridae,Crangonyctidae, Melitidae,Niphargidae, Megaluropidae and Oedicerotidae (Amphipoda,Crustacea), using small subunit rDNA gene sequences

This study examines amphipod phylogeny based on small subunit (18S) rDNA sequence data. Complete sequences of 25 species representing six families were used to test the phylogenetic information content of this gene for reconstruction of amphipod phylogeny. The alignment proved to be informative for most of the studied taxa. The monophyly of the families Gammaridae, Crangonyctidae, Niphargidae and Oedicerotidae is supported. The Melitidae are not monophyletic in the reconstructed topologies, but weak molecular evidence for the monophyly of this group could be observed in spectra of supporting positions. A close relationship of Gammaridae + Melitidae or Gammaridae + Crangonyctidae is not supported, rather there are supporting positions for the incompatible sister-group relationship (Gammaridae + Niphargidae) and (Crangonyctidae + Niphargidae). The molecular evidence is in favour of the latter relationship. The evolution of cephalothoracic apodemes is discussed in the light of other phylogenetic hypotheses resulting from molecular data.     

转糖基β-半乳糖苷酶产生菌筛选和鉴定及酶催化生成低聚半乳糖

通过水解活性和转糖基活性筛选, 从实验室97株保存菌种中获得1株具有转糖基活性的β-半乳糖苷酶产生菌,克隆并序列分析了该菌株16SrDNA基因片断,GenBank收录号为DQ267829. 综合其形态学特征、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列同源性分析结果, 将其鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）2-37-4-1. 确定了该菌株β-半乳糖苷酶产酶培养基的碳源为乳糖1%,氮源为蛋白胨0.5%和酵母膏0.5%,培养条件为37℃摇床培养18?h;碳源实验证明,该菌株β 半乳糖苷酶产生为乳糖诱导型.利用薄层层析技术研究了pH值、乳糖底物浓度、反应温度和反应时间对该菌株β-半乳糖苷酶以乳糖为底物转糖基合成低聚半乳糖的影响, 确定最适反应条件为pH7.5、50mmol/L（磷酸缓冲液）配制的40%乳糖溶液, 55℃反应24h.转糖基反应产物高压液相色谱分析其组成为低聚半乳糖25.68%, 双糖（包括乳糖和转移二糖）33.02%, 葡萄糖26.37%和半乳糖14.92%.     

基于遗传距离的粘孢子虫分类研究

以18SrDNA作为分子际记研究了以粘孢子虫（Myxosporidia）常见属为代表的不同分类水平下的遗传距离分布规律。结果表明,粘孢子虫亲缘关系的远近与遗传距离具有明显的相关性,即粘孢子虫亲缘关系越远遗传距离越大,反之亦然;同时表明,本研究所涉及的种内、种间和属间阶元的遗传距离虽在一定范围内有重叠,但遗传距离由小到大排列依次为种内、种间、属间。研究认为物种之间在遗传距离上可能并不存在绝对的界限,但基于18SrDNA遗传距离的分歧在一定范围内对大多数物种的鉴定是有效的。     

一种引起脊尾白虾红体病病原菌的初步研究

2012年7月,浙江舟山某试验场暂养的脊尾白虾暴发一种较为严重的传染性疾病,病虾身体发红,额剑发黑,反应迟钝,摄食减少,一周内发病死亡率达到30%左右,并有迅速蔓延趋势。从病虾的血淋巴液和肝胰腺中分离到一株优势细菌XS1207005。人工感染试验结果表明,该菌株对健康脊尾白虾有较强的致病性,且感染发病的脊尾白虾与自然发病虾有相同的临床症状,确定该菌株为脊尾白虾红体病的病原菌。采用常规生理生化指标测定、16S rDNA和热激蛋白HSP60(heat shock protein)基因序列分析对病原菌进行分类鉴定,序列分析结果表明,16S rRNA基因序列与弧菌属相应的序列同源性最高;HSP60基因序列与哈维氏弧菌相应的序列同源性为99.6%,而与其他弧菌属细菌的HSP60基因同源性均小于91%,结合生理生化测定结果,确定菌株XS1207005为哈维氏弧菌。药敏试验结果表明,先锋噻肟、复方新诺明、利福平、先锋必、菌必治、氟哌酸、复方欣及氧氟沙星等8种药物对该菌株有明显的抑制作用。     

胜利油田纯梁采油厂某区块油藏中微生物菌群分析

构建细菌16S rDNA基因文库以及硫酸盐还原菌的dsrAB基因文库,研究了胜利油田纯梁采油厂35区块某油井采出水中微生物的多样性以及SRB的菌群结构组成.结果表明,样品中微生物的多样性指数不高,样品中的微生物主要来自β变形菌纲以及γ变形菌纲,SRB主要由Thermodes-ulfobacterium、Desulfomicrobium、Thermodesulforhabdus以及Archaeoglobus fulgidus等属的微生物组成.将序列相似性≥97%作为一个OTU的划分原则,16S rDNA文库中有2个优势OTU,分别与Arco-bacter以及Pseudomonas stutzeri相近,分别占总克隆数的44%和56%;dsrAB基因文库有3个优势OTU,分别与Archaeoglobus fulgidus、Archaeoglobus infectus、Desulfotomaculum geothermicum相近,分别占总克隆数的46.6%、16.6%以及13.3%.16S rDNA基因序列与已知序列相似性较高,优势菌种在国内油田中较为常见,但不同油藏之间菌群结构存在较大差异.dsrAB序列与已知序列的相似性较小,可能存在新的SRB.     

Comparison of the community structure of planktonic bacteria in ballast water from entry ships and local sea water in Xiamen Port

In this study, the bacterial community structures in samples of ballast water collected from a ship from Singapore and of local sea water collected from Xiamen Port were compared using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Except for dominant α-Proteobacteria that are common to both systems, the bacterial community structures of the two systems were quite different. Most of the clones derived from the different systems were grouped into different phylogenetic clusters, and the sys-tems share only one common RFLP pattern. The ballast water, which is likely from clean offshore waters, contains sequences specific to α- and γ-Proteobacteria. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ballast water contained sequences belonging to attached bacteria and bacteria commonly found in the open sea, as well as many novel sequences. In addition, no known pathogenic bacteria were detected in the ballast water samples. Conversely, water samples from Xiamen Port were apparently affected by the near shore environments.Specifically, in addition to α- and γ-Proteobacteria, water from Xiamen Port contained β- and δ-Proteobacteria, Synechococcus, Bacter-oidetes and Actinobacteria, which are common in coastal environments. Additionally, four pathogenic bacterial sequences and one plas-mid sequence of a potential red tide forming alga were detected in the water from Xiamen Port, which suggests that the local sea water is polluted. The results of this study can be used as background information to assess the risk associated with the introduction of non-indig-enous species to local systems and to establish ballast water management systems.     

新疆泥火山群土壤细菌群落的DGGE分析

采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)指纹图谱技术,对新疆乌苏泥火山区土壤细菌群落的16S rDNA V3区进行电泳分离,并用Quantity one软件对图谱进行聚类分析,对主要条带进行回收测序.DGGE图谱显示,各土样细菌的组成有显著差异.聚类分析表明,相同月份、不同深度土样细菌组成相近.特异条带的回收测序结果表明,假单胞菌属是泥火山土壤优势菌群.新疆泥火山区土壤细菌多态性明显,并容易受生态、气候等因素影响,但优势菌群受此影响较小.