Al-1%Si单晶制备工艺及微观组织分析

在自制的真空熔炼、氩气保护下拉式连续定向凝固设备上成功制取了具有单晶组织的φ8mm Al-1%Si合金棒材,并对其组织演变过程及稳定性进行了研究.分析了定向凝固过程中,硅颗粒在单晶组织中的分布形态,提出了使硅固溶或弥散均匀分布于铝基体中的措施.     

Characterization and chemical surface texturization of bulk ZnTe crystals grown by temperature gradient solution growth

Using tellurium as a solvent, we grew ZnTe ingots of 30 mm in diameter and 70 mm in length by a temperature gradient solution growth method. Hall tests conducted at 300 K indicated that the as-grown ZnTe exhibits p-type conductivity, with a carrier concentration of approximately 1014 cm-3, a mobility of approximately 300 cm2·V-1·s-1, and a resistivity of approximately 102 Ω·cm. A simple and effective method was proposed for chemical surface texturization of ZnTe using an HF:H₂O₂:H₂O etchant. Textures with the sizes of approximately 1 μm were produced on {100}, {110}, and {111}_Zn surfaces after etching. The etchant is also very promising in crystal characterization because of its strong anisotropic character and Te-phase selectivity.     

Preparation of high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy via heat treatment and rolling

An Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy was solid-solution treated at 560°C for 3 h and then cooled by water quenching or furnace cooling. The alloy samples which underwent cooling by these two methods were rolled at different temperatures. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the rolled alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and tensile testing. For the water-quenched alloys, the peak tensile strength and elongation occurred at a rolling temperature of 180°C. For the furnace-cooled alloys, the tensile strength decreased initially, until the rolling temperature of 420°C, and then increased; the elongation increased consistently with increasing rolling temperature. The effects of grain boundary hardening and dislocation hardening on the mechanical properties of these rolled alloys decreased with increases in rolling temperature. The mechanical properties of the 180°C rolling water-quenched alloy were also improved by the presence of β″ phase. Above 420°C, the effect of solid-solution hardening on the mechanical properties of the rolled alloys increased with increases in rolling temperature.     

调质低碳贝氏体钢的组织和性能

研究了C--Mn--Mo--Cu--Nb--Ti--B系低碳微合金钢915℃淬火和490～640℃回火的调质工艺对钢的组织及力学性能的影响.用扫描电镜和透射电镜对实验钢的组织、析出物形态和分布以及断口形貌进行观察,采用X射线衍射仪分析钢中残余奥氏体的体积分数.结果表明:调质后,实验钢获得贝氏体、少量马氏体及残余奥氏体复相组织,贝氏体板条宽度只有250 nm,残余奥氏体的体积分数随着回火温度的升高而降低,经淬火与520℃回火后残余奥氏体的体积分数为2.1%.调质后析出物的数量激增,6～15 nm的析出物占70%以上.实验钢经过915℃淬火与520℃回火后,其屈服强度达到915 MPa,抗拉强度990 MPa,-40℃冲击功为95 J.细小的析出物及窄的板条提高了钢的强度.板条间有残余奥氏体存在,改善了实验钢的韧性.     

变形温度、变形程度与退火方式对 TC11 钛合金显微组织的影响

文章采用金相跟踪法研究了变形温度、变形程度及随后的退火方式对ＴＣ１１钛合金显微组织的影响。     

100V-Cr-Mo石油套管材料的组织与性能

研究一种100V-Cr-Mo钢用做石油套管材料.采用890～910℃淬火+650℃高温回火处理,使材料屈服强度达到1 150～1 160MPa、抗拉强度1 190～1 240MPa、伸长率18％～23％、冲击功102～132 J.分析表明:100V-Cr-Mo材料的调质处理组织细小、均匀,晶粒度大于9级,为回火索氏体,...     

微裂纹(群)在材料微结构内扩展的计算机模拟

在"材料结构弱点"概念及其特性理论的指导下,开发出具有自主知识产权的计算机模拟软件PreFailure.该软件针对实际工程材料,模拟单个微裂纹或一系列微裂纹(群)在材料微结构内的虚拟扩展过程,能够预测微裂纹(群)在材料微结构内的不规则扩展路径、几何形态与扩展程度,具备了定量推演材料"微结构虚拟失效"行为的功能.软件PreFailure的开发还为三维微裂纹(群)扩展的计算机模拟积累了大量的有效算法与经验,为采用计算机技术模拟三维微裂纹在材料微结构内的扩展过程奠定了基础.     

402钢大型凸缘锻件的研制

本文介绍了一次成功的新型合金结构钢大型锻件的研制实践给出了冶炼、锻造及锻后热处理、调质热处理过程，所采用的工艺及结果．该锻件综合机械性能指标要求很高．目前它已成功的用了我国海洋工程的一个大型高压设备上．     

氧化镁陶瓷层的组织结构及耐蚀性能

采用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）、Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）等方法,研究了镁合金表面原位生长型氧化镁陶瓷层的形貌特征、相结构及蚀特性。结果表明,用微弧氧化方法可在镁合金表面生成一层与基体结合良好且表面致密的氧化镁陶瓷层,而溶液中的添加剂可在一定程度上改变陶瓷的组分;耐蚀实验证明微弧氧化陶瓷层的耐蚀性远优于化学氧化膜。     

薄带连铸取向硅钢的热轧孪生行为

薄带连铸流程下取向硅钢粗大λ晶粒(〈100〉//ND,normal direction)的“遗传”会导致磁性能恶化.为解决这一问题,针对取向硅钢的热轧孪生行为开展研究,结果表明:凝固组织粗大的取向硅钢在650℃热轧时可产生大量112〈111〉形变孪晶,这与具有高层错能的硅钢在较高温度下难以孪生变形的传统认知不同.热轧过程中复杂的应力状态降低了变形孪晶的取向依赖性,由于具有更高的储存能,孪晶界/孪晶界及孪晶界/晶界交叉点成为再结晶形核的优先位置,大大提高了常化过程中的再结晶率,受沿孪晶界应变分布及孪晶间距离的限制,沿孪晶界形核的再结晶晶粒通常呈“饼状”,最终形成以细小且取向漫散的再结晶晶粒为主的常化组织,消除了初始凝固组织中有害的粗大λ晶粒.