Temporal-spatial characteristics of vegetation cover and desertification of China by using remote sensing data

Based on the NOAA advanced very high resolution radiometer (NOAA-AVHRR) remote sensing data of 1982 — 1999. the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) reflecting the surface vegetation cover has been obtained. Using the empirical orthogonal function analysis, the temporal-spatial eigenvectors of NDVI are given, and the characteristics of the spatial distribution of vegetation cover and its temporal variation together with the desertification of China are analyzed. It is found that the surface vegetation cover has seriously deteriorated in most part of China since 1995. along with the intensified desertification. All these are mainly caused by human activities although the climate change is responsible for the damage of surface vegetation cover to some extent.     

宝塔罩型塔板的研究

宝塔罩型塔板是在新型垂直筛板(New VST)的基础上,提出的一种具有结构简单、生产能力大、工作范围宽、压降低和传质效率高的塔板。本文详述了该塔板的结构,以及流体力学性能和传质性能的实验结果。     

壳聚糖季铵盐晶体的制备及其抑菌、柔软剂性能

采用异相法制备了水溶性的羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖 (HACC)晶体 ;测定了它对枯草芽孢杆菌等微生物生长的抑制效果 ;并研究了由HACC复配而成的微乳液在织物柔软处理中的应用性能。     

基于实数连续性定理等价的新探讨

实数集关于极限的运算是封闭的 ,这就是实数的连续性 ;实数的连续性理论是构筑极限理论的重要基础 ;实数连续性定理虽然数学表现形式不同 ,但它们都描述了实数的连续性 ,它们彼此是等价的 ,即任意一个定理都是其它定理成立的充要条件 ,另辟蹊径对其等价性进行了新的探讨。     

不同烷基季铵盐对膨润土絮凝性的影响

以四乙基溴化铵((Et)4NB)、一种二价季铵盐(MD膜驱剂)、十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为改性溶剂,考察改性膨润土的分散、絮凝作用和层间含水量,对膨润土用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外(FT-IR)和分光光度计等分析表征.结果表明,烷基季铵盐已进入膨润土晶层之间,使膨润土层间含水量降低,而MD膜驱剂改性膨润土含水量最小.烷基季铵盐在高浓度下对膨润土都有一定的絮凝性,膨润土的沉降体积随季铵盐浓度增大出现一个极大值.与(Et)4NB,DTAB和CTAB相比,MD膜驱剂在较低浓度下对膨润土就有较好的絮凝性.膨润土在MD膜驱剂或DTAB溶液中沉降平衡时间较(Et)4NB或CTAB的短.     

Effects of historical land cover changes on climate

In order to explore the influence of anthropogenic land use on the climate system during the last mil- lennium, a set of experiments is performed with an Earth system model of intermediate complexity—— the McGill Paleoclimate Model (MPM-2). The present paper mainly focuses on biogeophysical effects of historical land cover changes. A dynamic scenario of deforestation is described based on changes in cropland fraction (RF99). The model simulates a decrease in global mean annual temperature in the range of 0.09-0.16℃, especially 0.14-0.22℃ in Northern Hemisphere during the last 300 years. The responses of climate system to GHGs concentration changes are also calculated for comparisons. Now, afforestation is becoming an important choice for the enhancement of terrestrial carbon sequestration and adjustment of regional climate. The results indicate that biogeophysical effects of land cover changes cannot be neglected in the assessments of climate change.     

陕北生态脆弱区土地利用变化及生态效应研究——以榆阳区为例

以1990年、2000年和2009年榆阳区TM卫星影像为信息源,采用分区域的先监督分类后对解译结果进行目视修改的方法获得研究区的土地利用数据.在对研究区土地利用情况进行分析的基础上,运用生态价值估算方法对研究区各年度生态系统服务价值进行估算和分析.研究表明:研究区近20年来土地利用变化较快,所产生的生态效应总体来说是积极的,生态系统服务总价值年度总量增幅明显.林地面积变化所产生的生态服务价值变化在各时段变化中均占有主导地位,植树造林、退耕还林政策的实施和飞播造林、封禁管护措施的推行是研究区生态服务价值提高的主要原因.     

超薄型银灰色反光地膜生产工艺研究

论述了超薄型银灰色反光地膜的生产工艺过程，采用正交法试验，得到了最佳的工艺参数，生产出厚度为 ０．００８ ｍ ｍ的超薄型银灰色反光地膜，并保持了与厚度为０．０２５ ｍ ｍ 的同类薄膜的物理机械性能及生产过程的稳定成膜性。由此初步探索和总结了聚烯烃类塑料薄膜生产过程中的金属色着色工艺方法。     

彩色涂料印花色浆罩印性能的研究

介绍了涂料印花罩印助剂的制备和应用，通过对涂料罩印浆的物理化学性能的研究，探讨了提高罩印效果的途径及罩印助剂颗粒的物理化学性质对罩印效果的影响。