凝固浴和铸膜液对新型纤维素超滤膜的影响

以纤维素为原料,NMMO为溶剂,用相转化法制备超滤膜,并研究了凝固浴浓度、温度、有机醇作凝固剂及铸膜液浓度对膜性能的影响。     

ZrO2陶瓷动态膜回收Lyocell纤维溶剂初探

通过研究操作压强、错流速度等参数对膜的通量的影响，测定了氧化锆(ZrO2)陶瓷动态膜对Lyocell纤维溶剂的回收效果；提出了优化的操作条件；对回收过程中的膜污染，采用了物理方法对膜进行反冲洗。     

1,6-大环十二二酮的新合成方法研究

报道了二苯闭幕式恶唑盐与双格利雅试剂反应可合成大环二酮的新方法，提出了含有极化C＝N双键的双苯并恶唑盐与双格利雅试剂加成—水解的反应机理，并讨论了影响反应的各种因素：溶剂、设备、操作条件等。     

Evaluating cellulose absorption index （CAI） for non-photosynthetic biomass estimation in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia

Accurate estimation of non-photosynthetic biomass is critical for modeling carbon dynamics within grassland ecosystems.We evaluated the cellulose absorption index(CAI),widely used for monitoring non-photosynthetic vegetation coverage,for non-photosynthetic biomass estimation.Our analysis was based on in situ hyperspectral measurements,during the growing seasons of 2009 and 2010,in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia.ASD(Analytical Spectral Device)-derived and Hyperion-derived CAI were found to be effective for non-photosynthetic biomass estimation,yielding relative error(RE) values of 26.4% and 26.6%,respectively.The combination of MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)-derived(MODIS2 MODIS5)/(MODIS2 +MODIS5) and(MODIS6 MODIS7)/(MODIS6 +MODIS7) showed a high multiple correlation(multiple correlation coefficient,r=0.884) with ASD-derived CAI.A predictive model involving the two MODIS indices gave greater accuracy(RE=28.9%) than the TM(Landsat Thematic Mapper)-derived indices.The latter were the normalized difference index(NDI),the soil adjusted corn residue index(SACRI),and the modified soil adjusted crop residue index(MSACRI).These indices yielded RE values of more than 42%.Our conclusions have great significance for the estimation of regional non-photosynthetic biomass in grasslands,based on remotely sensed data.     

基于蒙特卡洛法的地下盐穴储气库顶板可靠性分析*

随着国内地下盐穴储气库的快速发展,储气库安全可靠性的研究具有重要的工程意义。本文建立了基于摩尔库伦准则的盐穴顶板失效函数,采用蒙特卡洛抽样法对储气库顶板安全可靠性进行了分析,克服了传统方法难以实现储气库稳定性量化的缺点。应用该方法计算了国内某盐穴储气库顶板的失效概率和可靠性指标,计算结果表明：顶板的可靠性指标随着盐穴埋深增大和夹层数增多而减小,随着储气库内压增大和顶板跨度减小而增大;盐穴储气库选址时建议尽量采用埋深较浅,夹层数较少的优质盐岩层进行溶腔造穴;盐穴储气库的顶板跨度对顶板可靠性影响最大,在满足储气库库容量的情况下,应尽量保证盐穴跨径比小于1;储气库的运行宜采用运行压力较大的运行模式,尽量减小低压运行时间。     

高温锰系磷化膜耐蚀性能测试方法研究

用硫酸铜点滴法取代传统中性盐雾实验,检测了磷化膜的耐腐蚀性能.结果表明,两种方法获得的结果对应关系强,而硫酸铜点滴法具有测试时间短、耗资小、可操作性强的特点,更为方便实用.     

Reduced Na+ and K+ permeability of K+ channel in plasma membrane isolated from roots of salt-tolerant mutant of wheat

The Na⁺ and K⁺ permeability of K⁺ channel in plasma membrane, isolated from roots of the salt-tolerant mutant of wheat, was lower than that of wild type in 100 mmol/L KCl and NaCl solution. The opening frequency of K⁺ channel of the mutant reduced more significantly than that of wild type in two kinds of solution mentioned above. It is assumed that the reduction of opening frequency mainly contributes to the Na⁺ and K⁺ permeability of K⁺ channel of the mutant. The electric conductance of single-channel of the mutant was similar to that of wild type and the main difference between them was exhibited as the opening frequency. Their K⁺/Ka⁺ selectivity of K⁺ channel had no significant difference. The K⁺/Na⁺ selectivity of the mutant and wild type was 3.35 and 3.18 respectively.     

弯曲荷载与盐溶液复合作用下混凝土冻融损伤

依据损伤力学的理论与方法建立了冻融损伤变量,采用超声波法进行混凝土冻融损伤的测试,选取弹簧加载系统对试件施加弯曲荷载,系统试验研究了混凝土在弯曲荷载、硫酸盐、氯盐复合因素作用下的冻融损伤规律和特点.结果表明:弯曲荷载不仅加剧混凝土冻融损伤,而且改变了混凝土的破坏形式,表现出突然的脆性破坏特征;3.5%氯盐溶液、5.0%硫酸盐溶液和3.5%氯盐 5.0%硫酸盐复合溶液均减缓混凝土冻融损伤.     

高价阴离子在PEG水溶液中的粘度B系数

测定了ＮａＣｌ、ＫＣｌ、Ｎａ２ＳＯ４、Ｋ２ＳＯ４、Ｎａ２ＣＯ３、Ｎａ３ＰＯ４在ＰＥＧ水溶液中的相对粘度,利用Ｊｏｎｅｓ－Ｄｏｌｅ方程求出了粘度Ｂ系数,结果表明Ｂ系数具有良好的加和性,以ＫＣｌ为参考电解质计算了单个离子Ｂ系数,发现ＳＯ＾２－４,ＣＯ＾２－３,ＰＯ＾３－４的Ｂ系数随着ＰＦＧ浓度的增大而减小,温度系数ｄＢ／ｄＴ大于零,表明ＳＯ＾２－４,ＣＯ＾２－３,ＰＯ＾３－４对ＰＥＧ水溶液结构呈破坏作     

基于多元正态分布理论的盐岩蠕变参数概率分布

 根据某拟建储气库库址盐岩的蠕变实验数据和蠕变变化规律,基于伯格斯蠕变模型拟合得到该库区盐岩的蠕变参数。将各蠕变参数当作随机变量,考虑盐岩形成过程及蠕变实验过程中多种随机因素对蠕变参数的影响。考虑各蠕变参数之间的相互联系,假设由各蠕变参数变量共同构成的五维总体随机样本服从五元正态分布,求解得到该五元正态分布的联合密度函数,通过协方差阵揭示各蠕变参数之间的联系,并利用χ²统计量的Q-Q图检验法对多元正态假设进行检验。结果表明,由各蠕变参数变量共同构成的五维总体随机样本可以很好地服从五元正态分布。研究结果可为盐岩蠕变参数概率分布的研究提供参考。