含铜无取向电工钢中析出相及其析出机理

研究了含铜低碳低硅无取向电工钢中的析出相及其析出机理.由能谱(EDS)及选区电子衍射(SAED)分析可知,铁素体基体上存在的大量弥散分布的等轴状析出相为类B2结构的铜.这些铜析出相的析出机理可以是一般析出、位错析出、台阶机理相间析出和弓出机理相间析出:一般析出在550、650和750℃三个等温温度均可发生;位错析出只发生在较低的等温温度(550℃),此时析出相呈特殊的平行短列状;台阶机理相间析出也可在上述三个等温温度下发生,但650℃等温时最有利于台阶机理相间析出,此时析出相平直列状分布;弓出机理相间析出只发生在较高的等温温度(750℃),析出相弯曲列状分布.     

预应力CFRP布加固钢筋混凝土梁疲劳性能试验研究

为了研究预应力CFRP布加固钢筋混凝土梁的疲劳性能,进行了4根CFRP布加固的钢筋混凝土和1根对比梁的试验研究.试验中考虑的变量为碳纤维应力强度比、疲劳荷载幅和CFRP布粘贴层数.试验梁采用双点对称等幅、等频率加载.试验结果表明:未加固的对比梁受疲劳荷载作用时,裂缝少而宽;非预应力CFRP布加固梁,裂缝多而密,裂缝高度...     

温度不均匀性对吸收池中气体吸收的影响

为研究温度不均匀性对低温控制吸收池中气体吸收的影响,建立了桌面不锈钢体低温控制吸收池体积分数标定装置,并使用自行编制的大气辐射传输软件ARH iRS进行模拟计算.实验结果和数值模拟计算结果表明,长1m,充满1.01×105Pa二氧化碳(CO2)气体的吸收池,由于吸收池内外温差导致内部温度不均匀分布(吸收池中轴向温度呈中心对称分布,且吸收池中间的气体温度较低,两端靠近窗片处的温度比中心温度高276~278 K),温度不均匀分布对吸收池气体吸收透射比的影响不大于0.05%,对反演体积分数的影响不超过0.80%,能够满足体积分数定标的需要.     

松嫩草地碳和水通量对全球变化的响应

全球变暖和氮格局的改变对生态系统碳通量的变化具有深远的影响,长期的模拟增温和氮沉降实验对预测21世纪全球气候变化下草地生态系统生产力和碳匮缺的响应有着至关重要的意义.在中国东北松嫩草地开展4年的增温和施氯实验,通过测定羊草草地光合特性,试图揭示全球变化对羊草草地的碳、水通量产生的影响.试验采用一个封闭的光合测定系统(LI-6400)测定草地的碳、水通量变化,通过计算CO2的变化量确定净生态系统CO2交换量.结果表明,增温降低了净生态系统CO2交换量(NEE),净生态系统生产力(GEP)和生态系统蒸腾作用(ET),升高了生态系统呼吸(ER)和水分利用效率(WUE);施氮处理刺激了NEE、ER、GEP和WUE;增温加施氮处理,氮素的添加缓解了因增温对生态系统产生的负效应.碳、水通量对全球变化的响应是通过改变生物群落中优势物种羊草的数量实现的,全球变化能在短期内迅速改变松嫩草地的碳通量.这些结果都有助于理解未来生态系统碳循环对全球气候变化的反馈.     

Preliminary regional estimation of carbon sink flux by carbonate rock corrosion: A case study of the Pearl River Basin

The formation of carbonate rocks has had a dramatic sink effect on atmospheric CO2 throughout geological time.The wide global distribution of carbonate rocks and their strong sensitivity to climate change mean that carbonate rock corrosion consuming air/soil CO2 can play an important role in the global carbon cycle.The carbon sink accounts for 12.00%-35.29% of the missing carbon in the global carbon cycle.Using the Pearl River Basin as a case study,we analyzed comprehensively the factors impacting karstific...     

The occurrence and significance of C25HBI in Cenozoic saline lacustrine source rocks from the Western Qaidam Basin,NW China

The saline lacustrine deposit of the Oligocene Lower Ganchaigou Formation is the main source rock for the Western Qaidam Basin,NW China.In this study,abundant highly branched isoprenoids with 25 carbon atoms (C25HBI) were detected in the upper section of the Lower Ganchaigou Formation.C25HBI is a biomarker for diatoms,and can provide information regarding biogeochemical processes during production and preservation of sedimentary organic matter.The carbon isotopic values of C25HBI in these source rocks were in the range of-18‰ to-20‰.The relative enrichment in 13C of C25HBI suggests that these isoprenoids were derived from diatom blooms.In this case,the diatoms used HCO3-as an additional carbon source to dissolved CO2 in water column due to their high biological productivity.Conversely,the diatom blooms indicated an abundant nutrient supply to the environment and high primary productivity.Thus,the occurrence of 13C-enriched C25HBI could be an ideal marker for good source rocks.The decreased concentration of CO2(aq) in the water column induced by diatom blooms can result in an enrichment in 13C of organic matter synthesized by primary producers.This may be a possible reason for the occurrence of 13C-enriched organic matter in the Cenozoic source rocks of the Western Qaidam Basin.Previous studies have shown that the high carbon number n-alkanes sourced from diatoms have no carbon preference.Hence,the sources of n-alkanes in regional source rocks are complex,and should be considered when discussing the sources of organic matter in future studies.     

Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions and their evolutions of gases generated by herbaceous swamp peat at different thermal maturity stages

Coalbed methane (CBM) accumulation models include continuous gas accumulation and staged gas accumulation.However,studied on the geochemical characteristics and indices to evaluate staged accumulation CBM are lacking.This study for the first time obtained the carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of methane and ethane generated at different evolution stages using thermal simulation of samples prepared by treating an herbaceous swamp peat at different temperatures.The results showed that the carbon isotopic compositions of methane and ethane were obviously affected by the thermal evolution level of the starting sample,while the hydrogen isotopic compositions were closely related to the maturity of gases.The carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of gases generated by coal-forming organic matter with Ro values from 1.2%,1.7%,2.4%,3.2% and 3.7% to 5.2% were determinated.The relationship between Ro values and the carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of gases generated by coal-forming organic matter at different evolution stages as well as the carbon or hydrogen isotopic relationships between methane and ethane were established.The results provide a scientific basis for studying the genesis of CBM generated at different maturity intervals and understanding the geochemical characteristics of staged accumulation CBM.These results were applied to a case study on CBM from the southern Qinshui basin,and it was found that the CBM accumulated after the Middle Jurassic and was characteristic of staged gas accumulation.This is consistent with the result of geological studies,and further showed that the results of thermal simulation experiments are very important for evaluating the genesis of natural CBM.     

Coral reef ecosystems in the South China Sea as a source of atmospheric CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in summer

Field measurements of air-sea CO2 exchange in three coral reef areas of the South China Sea (i.e. the Yongshu Reef atoll of the Nansha Islands, southern South China Sea (SCS); Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands, north-central SCS; and Luhuitou Fringing Reef in Sanya of Hainan Island, northern SCS) during the summers of 2008 and 2009 revealed that both air and surface seawater partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) showed regular diurnal cycles. Minimum values occurred in the evening and maximum values in the morning. Air pCO2 in each of the three study areas showed small diurnal variations, while large diurnal variations were ob-served in seawater pCO2. The diurnal variation amplitude of seawater pCO2 was ~70 μmol mol–1 at the Yongshu Reef lagoon, 420–619 μmol mol–1 on the Yongxing Island reef flat, and 264–579 μmol mol–1 on the reef flat of the Luhuitou Fringing Reef, and 324–492 μmol mol–1 in an adjacent area just outside of this fringing reef. With respect to spatial relations, there were large differences in air-sea CO2 flux across the South China Sea (e.g. ~0.4 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongshu Reef, ~4.7 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongxing Island, and ~9.8 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Luhuitou Fringing Reef). However, these positive values suggest that coral reef ecosystems of the SCS may be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Additional analyses indicated that diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO2 in the shallow water reef flat are controlled mainly by biological metabolic processes, while those of deeper water lagoons and outer reef areas are regulated by both biological metabolism and hydrodynamic factors. Unlike the open ocean, inorganic metabolism plays a significant role in influencing seawater pCO2 variations in coral reef ecosystems.     

海藻酸钙-活性炭纤维固定化生物小球的强化除苯性能

在传统海藻酸钙固定化过程中加入活性炭纤维作为改性载体,以苯系物(BTEX)降解菌为对象,制备了海藻酸钙-活性炭纤维固定化生物小球(MB),并研究了MB微观结构及强化除苯性能.结果表明:所制备的MB直径为2～4,mm,其表面通透、孔道致密,孔径均一(约为200,μm),并可多次重复应用.MB强化除苯过程主要是吸附和生物降解共同作用的结果,且去除速率呈现由快速到慢速两个阶段,均符合一级动力学规律.微生物接种量为6.89,mg/mL(包埋载体溶液)时,MB结构稳定性最好,强化除苯效果最佳.不同接种量条件下,苯生物降解的平均半衰期为64 h,高于游离态BTEX降解菌.     

高压高浓度CO2烟气辐射换热特性分析与计算

针对高压O2/CO2燃烧方式下高浓度CO2和水蒸气混合气体烟气的辐射换热问题,建立了一种新的宽带关联k分布模型.为了验证模型的有效性,以O2/CO2燃烧方式下炉内CO2和水蒸气生成状况为例,采用该模型与离散坐标法相结合的方法计算了不同温度(1 000~2 500 K)和压力(0.1~1.5 MPa)下一维无限大平行平板间混合气体的辐射强度和CO24.3μm谱带累积分布函数,并与逐线计算、全光谱关联k分布模型和基于指数的宽带关联k模型的计算结果进行了比较.结果表明:随着压力的增加,所提出的宽带关联k分布模型与逐线计算的结果吻合较好,与文献报导的两个模型相比,不仅计算精度有所提高,而且对混合气体的处理更加简便灵活,因此更适于高压下烟气辐射特性的计算.