预应力混凝土结构的抗震问题

借助国内外的研究成果，阐述了预应力混凝土结构的抗震性能、震害表现及抗震设计要求，并提出预应力混凝土结构的阻尼比及水平地震作用取值的建议，可供工程技术人员参考。     

长春市主要广场城市森林结构的研究

通过样地调查对长春市主要广场的城市森林结构进行分析得出：广场森林的密度为160株／hm^2，广场共有乔木树种52种，花灌木30种。树木的平均胸径为21．6cm，树木的总叶面积为739172．8m^2，叶面积指数为1．2，广场森林总生物量为5174．2t，Shannon-Wiener指数平均为1．7。从以上分析可以看出长春市主要广场园林植物种类丰富，并已达到森林水平可以发挥出很大生态效益。     

结构实体混凝土强度检测技术的现状与趋势

讨论了回弹法、钻芯法、超声波法和拨出法等常用结构实体混凝土强度检测技术的优、缺点,并就如何提高结构实体混凝土强度检测技术的精度,提出了一些亟待解决的关键技术问题。     

论砂金矿物的表面生长结构和砂金矿床成因

经对采自砂金矿床，金矿床氧化带和块金（狗头金）样品的观察研究，特别是采用电子显微镜进行精细矿物学研究后发现，所研究的样品无一例外地均具有代表性，它是表生电流动溶液中生成的表面生长结构图象，证明它们均是在天然水系和开放式物化环境中白含金溶液不断的淀积作用生成的。因而砂金颗粒均属表生条件下形成的溶液沉积矿物，砂金矿床从成因上说应属表生化学沉积矿床。砂金颗粒是在原地生成的。金粒表面生长结构应作为标型特征。     

原子外层空轨道相对最稳定顺序及周期性规则

本文提出原子外层空轨道相对稳定性可作为电子填充的粗略判据;给出由中性原子轨道能数据直接导出原子外层轨道相对最稳定顺序的图表及周期性规则;用以简明、清晰、合理地推引解释元素基组态和解释元素周期律。提出在中心势场模型基础上推引全部元素基组态的方法。     

Adrenocortical metabolism and plasma corticosterone in soman intoxicated rabbits

Summary The organophosphate neurotoxin soman produced impairments in adrenocortical RNA and protein metabolism. Fasciculate and reticular cell RNA and protein contents were supporessed with sublethal to acutely lethal dosages (20, 30 and 40 g/kg, s.c.) during the acute excitatory phase of intoxication and at 6–8 h post injection. All three dosages produced ca 90% inactivation of plasma cholinesterase. A transient elevation of plasma corticosterone occurred with 20 g/kg soman whereas there was a protracted increase with 30 g/kg. Corticosterone was not significantly elevated with 40 g/kg, but death occurred at 13±4 min. Thus, the magnitude and/or nature of soman-induced metabolic impairments does not appear to prevent adrenal activation.Supported by US Army Medical Research and Development Command Contract DAMD 17-81-C-1202.     

Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection

Summary Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection have disporven some of the central tenets of both the handicap mechanism and the sexy son hypothesis. These results suggest that the good genes approach to sexual selection may generally lead to erroneous results.Runaway sexual selection seems possible under a wide variety of circumstances. Quantittive genetic models have revealed runaway processes for sexually selected attributes expressed in both sexes and for attributes of parental care. Furthermore, the runaway could occur simultaneously in a series of populations that straddle an environmental gradient. While the models support the feasibility of runaway processes, empirical studies are needed to evaluate whether runaways actually happen. Estimates of critical genetic parameters are particularly needed, as well as measures of natural and sexual selection acting on the same population.The models also show that sexual selection has tremendous potential to produce population differentiation, particularly in epigamic traits. Differentiation is promoted by indeterminancy of evolutionary outcome, transient differences among populations during the final slow approach to equilibrium, sampling drift among equilibrium populations, and the tendency of sexual selection to amplify geographic variation arising from spatial differences in natural selection. Recent work with two- and three-locus models of sexual selection has produced results that parallel the results of the polygenic models^36–38,58. Thus the feature of indeterminate equilibria (outcome dependent on initial conditions) is common to both types of model.     

健康与患黑胫病烟株根内AMF多样性和群落结构差异分析

丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF）在烟草生长生理、抗病抗逆等方面具有积极作用.为探明烟株患黑胫病后对根内AMF多样性和群落结构的影响,分别以烟草K326和云烟87健康、感染黑胫病烟株的根部及根际土壤作为研究对象,应用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术探明烟草根部AMF多样性,采用显微形态观察烟草根内AMF侵染水平和根际土壤孢子密度,并分析土壤理化性质和AMF侵染特征的相关性.高通量测序结果表明在烟草根部共检测出1 655个AMF-OTUs,隶属于1纲4目5科6属,其中,Glomus为云烟87健康烟株根内AMF的优势属,其余样品优势属均为Paraglomus.聚类分析表明两个品种健康烟株根内AMF群落相似性较高,患病植株间根内AMF群落比较类似.侵染结果显示,患病烟株AMF侵染状况与土壤孢子密度均低于健康烟株根际土壤. RDA分析结果表明,全钾是影响AMF孢子密度和侵染状况的主要驱动因子,其次为速效磷和全磷;土壤p H值为烟株根内AMF多样性的主要影响因素,且两者呈负相关;此外,土壤中钾含量对烟草根内AMF群落组成的影响最为明显.研究...     

长叶苦竹新造林的生长发育规律研究

【目的】为揭示长叶苦竹(Pleioblastus chino var.hisauchii)新造林的生长发育规律,探究不同年龄竹株的秆形特征及不同龄级竹地下茎的鞭根生长情况,为长叶苦竹及其他混生型竹的栽培养护和经营管理提供参考。【方法】调查了南京林业大学溧水白马实验基地长叶苦竹新造林5年时的年龄结构和空间分布,标记整片竹林每株竹子的位置和年龄信息,随机选取3株1～5年生健康无病虫害竹株,测定其地径、株高、枝下高、每节节长和对应的节径等指标。追踪1～5年生竹鞭系,统计鞭段数、鞭节数、岔鞭数、芽数,测量鞭长、鞭径、鞭节长等指标。【结果】随着长叶苦竹新造林的更新,前4年新龄竹株数呈递增趋势。地径、株高和枝下高随竹龄的增长均呈递减趋势,且不同年龄竹株的地径和株高、枝下高和株高均存在线性正相关关系。竹秆每节节径由基部到梢部呈递减趋势,且每节节长和对应的节径存在线性正相关关系。新龄竹每节节径、每节节长、平均节径和平均节长均大于老龄竹。鞭径、总鞭长、鞭段数和芽数随竹龄的增长呈递减趋势。鞭长、鞭节长、岔鞭数和笋芽数随竹龄的增长呈先增后减的趋势,在造林第4年时达到最高。【结论】长叶苦竹新造林的年龄结构呈上...     

XapR蛋白在嗜水气单胞菌抗生素耐药性的功能

研究嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila） LysR型转录调节因子中XapR蛋白抗生素耐药的调控机制。通过测定嗜水气单胞菌ATCC 7966（野生型菌株）与嗜水气单胞菌ATCC 7966 xapR基因缺失株（ΔxapR）对34种抗生素的最低抑菌浓度,系统地评价xapR基因抗生素耐药性;进一步利用定量蛋白质组学技术,探讨xapR参与嗜水气单胞菌调控的生物过程。结果表明：xapR基因缺失后细菌对头孢孟多的耐药性减弱;xapR基因可调控细菌碳代谢、TCA循环等多种代谢途径,此外还与外膜蛋白、TonB、ABC转运系统等抗性基因的表达密切相关。综上,XapR蛋白可通过调节细菌中心代谢途径以及多个抗性基因改变嗜水气单胞菌的耐药性。