Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection

Summary Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection have disporven some of the central tenets of both the handicap mechanism and the sexy son hypothesis. These results suggest that the good genes approach to sexual selection may generally lead to erroneous results.Runaway sexual selection seems possible under a wide variety of circumstances. Quantittive genetic models have revealed runaway processes for sexually selected attributes expressed in both sexes and for attributes of parental care. Furthermore, the runaway could occur simultaneously in a series of populations that straddle an environmental gradient. While the models support the feasibility of runaway processes, empirical studies are needed to evaluate whether runaways actually happen. Estimates of critical genetic parameters are particularly needed, as well as measures of natural and sexual selection acting on the same population.The models also show that sexual selection has tremendous potential to produce population differentiation, particularly in epigamic traits. Differentiation is promoted by indeterminancy of evolutionary outcome, transient differences among populations during the final slow approach to equilibrium, sampling drift among equilibrium populations, and the tendency of sexual selection to amplify geographic variation arising from spatial differences in natural selection. Recent work with two- and three-locus models of sexual selection has produced results that parallel the results of the polygenic models^36–38,58. Thus the feature of indeterminate equilibria (outcome dependent on initial conditions) is common to both types of model.     

XapR蛋白在嗜水气单胞菌抗生素耐药性的功能

研究嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila） LysR型转录调节因子中XapR蛋白抗生素耐药的调控机制。通过测定嗜水气单胞菌ATCC 7966（野生型菌株）与嗜水气单胞菌ATCC 7966 xapR基因缺失株（ΔxapR）对34种抗生素的最低抑菌浓度,系统地评价xapR基因抗生素耐药性;进一步利用定量蛋白质组学技术,探讨xapR参与嗜水气单胞菌调控的生物过程。结果表明：xapR基因缺失后细菌对头孢孟多的耐药性减弱;xapR基因可调控细菌碳代谢、TCA循环等多种代谢途径,此外还与外膜蛋白、TonB、ABC转运系统等抗性基因的表达密切相关。综上,XapR蛋白可通过调节细菌中心代谢途径以及多个抗性基因改变嗜水气单胞菌的耐药性。     

图的一种加权邻接矩阵谱半径和能量的界

图G的一种加权邻接矩阵记为A_db(G)=(a^db_ij)_n×n,若顶点v_i和顶点v_j相邻,则$a_{i j}^{d b}=\frac{d_{i}+d_{j}}{d_{i} d_{j}}$, 反之a^db_ij=0.给出图G的加权谱半径的上下界,并在此基础上给出加权谱半径的Nordhaus-Gaddum-type关系.得到了图G的加权能量的几个上下界,并在此基础上给出加权能量的Nordhaus-Gaddum-type关系.     

睡莲科植物酯酶同功酶的数量分类研究

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘状电泳技术,对国内睡莲科植物（包括６个属的６个代表种及３个品种）的叶片进行了酯酶同功酶的测定,初步结果表明被测植物均有各自稳定的酯酶酶谱．运用数量分类学方法对被测植物进行聚类,其中白睡莲与其派生的红睡莲和黄睡莲２品种聚为一类,南芡与北芡亦聚为一类,而此２类与萍蓬草、莲、莼菜和王莲的亲缘关系较远,且后４种植物之间亲缘关系亦远．该结果与由过氧化物同功酶酶谱的分析结果基本相似．     

高分子力学中的Valanis－Landel假说

根据经验公式的建立原则和橡胶的各向同性性能,讨论了Ｖａｌａｎｉｓ－Ｌａｎｄｅｌ假说中关于“任何一种应变类型的应力一应变关系,可从单一的纯剪试验推导出来”这一重要结论,并证明了结论的正确性,还研究了结论的应用。     

Syndrome series of one point algebraic-geometric codes and majority voting scheme

A type of recurring relations on syndrome series is presnted. After some important theorems are established, an algorithm for computing a minimal polynomial set is presented. Finally an algorithm for determining the unknown syndromes with incorporating α majority scheme is presented.     

模糊灰关联模式识别方法及其应用

首先建立了灰关联分析的新的理论模型,然后将其与模糊集理论结合起来,提出了一种模糊灰关联模式识别方法．通过应用于场地土类别的评定,从而说明了本文方法的有效性     

旋转构件动态参数的在线检测技术

基于电磁检测原理,研究了一种用磁晶格法动态检测旋转构件的角速度、剪应变、剪应力、扭矩及轴功率等动态物理参数的新的检测技术与方法。阐明该检测方法的原理及检测信号的处理与转换技术,推导出时间域的检测量与旋转构件动参数之间的数学关系式;并用单片机实现了旋转构件动态物理参数的实时在线定量检测。     

我的几点意见——评论“关于狭义相对论的本质”一文

评论了“关于狭义相对论的本质”一文,实际上仍使用了狭义相对论的两个基本假设。     

高等学校培养高层次创新人才的积极因素

探讨了高等学校培养创新人才的若干积极因素。在高校推行师生的同化关系，师生之间相互融合，教学相长；对师生的权力进行重新分配，形成互动的互补的课堂氛围；使学生提出质疑成为一种习惯，才能真正地培养出高层次创新性人才。