Advances in research of sulphide ore textures and their implications for ore genesis

Important advances in research of sulphide ore textures in recent years have deepened our understanding of ore genesis of related mineral deposits. Pressure solution of sulphide minerals has been suggested as a mechanism for remobilization of ore materials, whereas pressure solution of the gangues is believed to raise the grade of the primary ores. We have known that precipitation of base metal sulphides from fluids prefers crystal and crack surfaces of pyrite to form overgrowth. Therefore, pyrite-bearing embryo beds in a sedimentary sequence can be acted as effective crystal seed beds and are favorable for fluid overprinting to form huge statabound deposits. Texture studies of various sulphides can be used to interpret the entire history of sedimentation, diagenesis, deformation and metamorphism of the ores. The study of chalcopyrite disease in sphalerite has brought about the idea of zone refining, and given a new explanation to metal zonation in massive sulphide deposits. Ductile shearing of sulphide ores may form ore mylonites, which will become oreshoots enriched in Cu, Au and Ag during late-stage fluid overprinting. Despite that various modern analytical techniques are being rapidly developed, ore microscopy remains to be an unreplaceable tool for ore geologists. Combined with these modern techniques, this tool will help accelerate the development of theories on ore genesis.     

组合抑制剂CCSL浮选分离PbS、ZnS与单斜Fe1-x S的研究

进行了组合抑制剂CCSL分离方铅矿、闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿的浮选研究.单矿物浮选实验结果表明,浮选过程添加该组合抑制剂时,磁黄铁矿基本不浮,而方铅矿与闪锌矿的可浮性很好.方铅矿与磁黄铁矿混合矿浮选实验结果表明,添加该组合抑制剂时,方铅矿的浮选回收率可达90%以上,而磁黄铁矿基本不浮,从而很好地实现两种矿物的分离;闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿混合矿浮选实验结果表明,添加该抑制剂时也能实现两种矿物的分离,但分离效果不及方铅矿与磁黄铁矿.X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱、Zeta电位测试表明,CCSL处理后的磁黄铁矿表面的醋酸根吸附不是单纯的物理吸附.紫外吸收光谱扫描结果表明,CCSL中的醋酸根并没有阻碍磁黄铁矿表面双黄药的生成,磁黄铁矿可浮性下降仅仅是由于醋酸根对其造成的亲水性大于双黄药造成的疏水性.CCSL中的醋酸根既与磁黄铁矿中的Fe3+发生亲合,又与水中的H+形成氢键,最终增强了磁黄铁矿的亲水性;而醋酸根对方铅矿和闪锌矿基本没有影响,这是组合抑制剂CCSL能够分离方铅矿、闪锌矿与磁黄铁矿的原因.     

实验室条件下磁黄铁矿的氧化机理

为了从源头上控制矿区酸性废水的产生,在实验室模拟了自然条件下磁黄铁矿的风化过程,确定了酸性废水的产生机理和影响因子.实验结果表明：磁黄铁矿在空气中的氧化产物为FeSO4,Fe2（SO4）3和FeO（OH）;生物氧化的产物主要为FeSO4,Fe2（SO4）3和FeS2,尾矿堆大量存在的氧化亚铁硫杆菌能加速磁黄铁矿的风化过程.     

Magnetic mineralogy of the Hongqiling Cu-Ni sulphide deposit: Implications for ore genesis

Pyrrhotite is one of the common ore minerals in Cu-Ni sulphide deposits, but only monoclinic pyrrhotite is ferromagnetic at room temperature. X-ray and EPA analyses reveal that most pyrrhotite forming sideronitic texture in the Hongqiling Cu-Ni sulphide deposit is monoclinic, but that in the massive ore is a mixture of monoclinic and hexagonal pyrrhotites. Differential thermal and magnetic- thermogravimetric analyses of massive ore indicate a magnetic transition and heat absorption at 323℃, suggesting that this temperature is the thermomagnetic and phase transition point of pyrrhotite. For massive pyrrhotite ores heated at 400oC for 30 h and then quenched by cool water, the monoclinic pyrrhotite (mpo) transforms completely into the hexagonal pyrrhotite (hpo). However, all the pyrrhotites resulting from slow cooling of the sample in air are mpo. These results indicate that transformation between hpo and mpo depends upon the cooling rate. Therefore, massive ores in this deposit might have been formed via rapid cooling of ore melts. On the other hand, it is significant to study the effect of the ratio of the magnetite in total ores on the genesis of magmatic Cu-Ni suphide deposits.     

Magnetic mineralogy of the Hongqiling Cu-Ni sulphide deposit: Implications for ore genesis

Pyrrhotite is one of the common ore minerals in Cu-Ni sulphide deposits, but only monoclinic pyrrhotite is ferromagnetic at room temperature. X-ray and EPA analyses reveal that most pyrrhotite forming sideronitic texture in the Hongqiling Cu-Ni sulphide deposit is monoclinic, but that in the massive ore is a mixture of monoclinic and hexagonal pyrrhotites. Differential thermal and magnetic- thermogravimetric analyses of massive ore indicate a magnetic transition and heat absorption at 323℃, suggesting that this temperature is the thermomagnetic and phase transition point of pyrrhotite. For massive pyrrhotite ores heated at 400oC for 30 h and then quenched by cool water, the monoclinic pyrrhotite (mpo) transforms completely into the hexagonal pyrrhotite (hpo). However, all the pyrrhotites resulting from slow cooling of the sample in air are mpo. These results indicate that transformation between hpo and mpo depends upon the cooling rate. Therefore, massive ores in this deposit might have been formed via rapid cooling of ore melts. On the other hand, it is significant to study the effect of the ratio of the magnetite in total ores on the genesis of magmatic Cu-Ni suphide deposits.     

Zinc bioleaching from an iron concentrate using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain from Hercules Mine of Coahuila,Mexico

The iron concentrate from Hercules Mine of Coahuila,Mexico,which mainly contained pyrite and pyrrhotite,was treated by the bioleaching process using native strain Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A.ferrooxidans) to determine the ability of these bacteria on the leaching of zinc.The native bacteria were isolated from the iron concentrate of the mine.The bioleaching experiments were carried out in shake flasks to analyze the effects of pH values,pulp density,and the ferrous sulfate concentration on the bioleaching process.The results obtained by microbial kinetic analyses for the evaluation of some aspects of zinc leaching show that the native bacteria A.ferrooxidans,which is enriched with a 9K Silverman medium under the optimum conditions of pH 2.0,20 g/L pulp density,and 40 g/L FeSO4,increases the zinc extraction considerably observed by monitoring during15 d,i.e.,the zinc concentration has a decrease of about 95% in the iron concentrate.     

有菌和无菌体系下磁黄铁矿氧化的电化学研究

在有菌和无菌酸性体系下,对磁黄铁矿电化学氧化进行研究。研究结果表明:在磁黄铁矿被氧化过程中伴随元素S的生成,覆盖于电极表面,使电极表面发生钝化;随着电位的升高,元素S被氧化成SO42-,钝化膜被击穿;氧化亚铁硫杆菌作用后增强了磁黄铁矿的反应性能,促进了磁黄铁矿氧化反应速度,腐蚀反应速度明显提高,但细菌对磁黄铁矿电极的氧化还原反应过程机理并没有产生影响;在相同电位下,有细菌时的阻抗明显低于无细菌时的阻抗,细菌的存在加速了表面物质的扩散,电极过程受电化学步骤控制,测定结果与线性扫描所得结果一致。