山区河流河床结构对推移质输沙率的影响

河床结构是山区河流河床在洪水过程中达到较强阻力及较高河床稳定性时床面大颗粒的组合,对山区河流的推移质输沙起重要影响．引入河床结构强度S对山区河流河床结构进行定量化研究,使用河床结构测量设备对河床强度进行测量,采用类似于坑测法的子母双槽进行推移质输沙率实测,对云南小江流域的15条主要支流河床结构及推移质输沙进行野外实测,发现推移质输沙强度至少受单宽水流能量与河床结构发育程度共同影响,在同等级水流能量条件下,河床结构的发育程度越高的河流（或河段）其推移质输沙强度越小,河床强度值越小的河流（或河段）推移质输沙强度越大．单宽水流能量小于50kg／（m·S）、河床结构强度大于0.35时,推移质输沙率接近零．     

引入多速率模型的变结构机动目标跟踪

变结构多模型方法(VSMM)能够根据目标机动的实际情况实时确定结构不断变化的模型集合,取代传统IMM方法中的固定模型集.使参与状态估计的模型分布更集中,模型数量相对较少,从而提高算法的跟踪精度.多速率模型(Multirate)能够对原始测量数据进行多分辨分解,有效的抑制量测噪声,从而提高原始数据的信噪比.文章将多速率模型引入变结构多模型方法,提出一种新的机动目标跟踪算法多速率变结构多模型方法(MRVSMM),该方法分别从改善原始数据与改善模型集合两方面对传统IMM方法进行了突破.同时,采用多个多速率模型,并将多个模型的滤波结果相互交织实现对机动目标的全速率跟踪.仿真实验证明,该算法较传统的IMM方法跟踪精度得到了一定程度的提高.     

非单向流洁净室换气次数的计算方法

为减少洁净室能耗,提出了理论计算此类洁净室换气次数的新数学模型,新模型基于室内空气颗粒物输送的模拟流程,室内气溶胶浓度计算考虑了换气次数、室内颗粒物散发量、过滤器效率、新风比和室外气溶胶浓度等多个参数．将新的数学模型与以往的数学模型进行了对比,新的数学模型考虑了更多的环境参数和变量的影响,这使得新的数学模型计算得出的换气次数更合理、更精确．采用敏感性分析的方法,评价了各个变量对洁净室洁净度的影响大小．研究结果表明计算室内气溶胶浓度时考虑更全面的参数变量可以把洁净室的换气次数降到最小并满足洁净室要求,从而有效降低洁净室的能耗．     

一种改进的自动摔倒检测算法

摔倒检测是视频监控系统应用研究中的一个重要问题,快速有效地获得摔倒信息可使摔倒人得到及时救助,降低进一步的伤害.提出一种改进的自动摔倒检测算法,该算法在利用人体宽高比特征判断的基础上,采用有效面积比和中心变化率两个特征对判断结果进行修正,有效地防止误判,提高了检测结果的正确率.该算法计算复杂度低,易于实现.实验结果表明该算法具有较好的鲁棒性.     

柊叶波式潜流人工湿地处理生活污水的研究

提出柊叶做为湿地植物应用于波式潜流人工湿地,并在相同试验条件下,与无植物的波式潜流人工湿地进行对比试验.结果表明,种植柊叶的波式潜流人工湿地对CODcr,NH4+-N和TP的平均去除率分别为66.06%、64.62%和84.03%,相比无植物的1号床分别高6.77%、6.66%和5.36%,为人工湿地的植物选择提供参考.     

混合正态分布的收敛速度

研究了混合正态分布的收敛速度,得到了一致收敛速度.     

Pulse radiolysis studies of functionally substituted imidazolium-based ionic liquids

The reactions of imidazolium-based ionic liquids having different substituent groups on the ring with hydrated electrons (eaq-),hydroxyl radicals (·OH),and sulfate anion radicals (SO4·-) were investigated using nanosecond pulse radiolysis techniques.The spectra of these ionic liquids on reaction with eaq-all exhibited a similar peak at about 320 nm,and a typical peak for eaq-in aqueous ionic liquid solutions.The reaction rate constants for 1,3-disubstituted imidazolium-based ionic liquid hexafluorophosphates (BMIPF 6) with eaq-were deduced to be 10 10 L mol-1s-1,however the values were lower for trisubstituted ionic liquids.For example,the rate constant for 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMMIBF 4) was 5.5×10 9 L mol-1s-1.Imidazolium-based ionic liquids reacted with hydroxyl radicals via adducts to produce a mixture of isomeric OH adducts,and the pk a value of the OH adducts was deduced to be 8.4±0.4 for 1-butyl-3-methylimdazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIBF 4).Moreover,imidazolium cations were also oxidized by SO4·-to produce bivalent cation radicals,which exhibit a peak at 320 nm,and these rate constants are of the same order of magnitude,i.e.,10 9 L mol-1s-1,except that for 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimdazolium tetrafluoroborate with SO4·-(k=2.8×10 8 L mol-1 s-1).Theoretical calculations were carried out to estimate the structures of the products of reduction by eaq- and the results were related to the experimental data.     

Attenuation of ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface due to atmospheric aerosols in Guangzhou

The UV attenuation due to atmospheric aerosols in Guangzhou was quantitatively assessed using surface ultraviolet radiation (UV,295-385 nm) observation,sun photometer and radiation models.Observations showed that the annual average value of aerosol optical depth (AOD) was 1.19 in UV spectral region of 340 nm,the annual average occurrence frequency of aerosol optical depth AOD 340 nm >1.0 was 55%,and the annual average attenuation rate of surface UV direct radiation of 340 nm was 68%.It was proven in the observation of surface UV radiation and model evaluation that annual average attenuation of UV due to atmosphere was 75%,and that reached 72% in the dry season (October,November,December and January);while average attenuation of UV due to atmospheric aerosols reached 62% in the dry season.It was indicated that very significant UV attenuations due to atmospheric aerosols existed in Guangzhou urban agglomeration,and at least half of UV radiation was attenuated due to atmospheric aerosols.Such large-amplitude attenuation will have a significant impact on urban ecosystem and species chemical cycles,especially photochemical reaction processes.     

自密实再生骨料混凝土的抗冻性试验研究

为了研究将废弃混凝土作为再生骨料制备自密实混凝土的抗冻性能是否满足要求,通过制备自密实再生骨料混凝土并进行室内300次冻融循环试验,分析了自密实再生骨料混凝土抗冻性能指标的影响因素。研究结果表明,在常用的水灰比下,自密实再生骨料混凝土的耐久性指数、质量损失率等抗冻性指标均满足施工规范技术要求,说明以废弃混凝土作为再生骨料制备自密实混凝土是可行的,其抗冻性能满足要求。     

半正定单调变分不等式CPC算法的O(1/t)收敛率

半正定单调变分不等式CPC算法只需要计算迭代点的函数值,可以解决一类没有显式表达式的半正定单调变分不等式问题.最近A.Nemirovski(SIAM J Optimiz,2005,15:229-251.)给出的prox-类算法的计算复杂性分析表明了外梯度算法在满足单调Lipschitz-连续时具有O(1/t)的收敛率;随后相关文献在一定的条件下给出了投影收缩算法、交替方向法和Douglas-Rachford法的计算复杂性分析.受到上述计算复杂性工作的启发,利用半正定单调变分不等式的基本性质和柯西施瓦兹不等式,在一定的假设条件下,给出了半正定单调变分不等式CPC算法O(1/t)收敛率的证明.