新型铸造铝合金的耐酸雨腐蚀性能研究

本文模拟酸雨试验研究了酸雨的PH值及温度对新型铸造铝合金进行耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:在模拟酸雨试验中,随着腐蚀液PH值的降低、温度的升高试样的腐蚀速率增加,随着试验时间的延长试样的腐蚀速率降低。含Cr铝合金有较好的耐酸雨腐蚀性能。     

固定化蜡质芽孢杆菌处理制革废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的条件优化

为了高效去除制革废水中的Cr(Ⅵ),实验采用粉末活性炭包埋蜡质芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscereus)制成固定化细胞颗粒,并探讨了该颗粒去除Cr(Ⅵ)的效果。结果表明,在pH值5.0、温度37℃、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度小于10mg/L、颗粒用量0.5g/mL左右时,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率较大;在最优条件下,固定化细胞颗粒处理Cr(Ⅵ)的效果比未加菌体的固定化颗粒和Bacillus cereus单独处理时的效果都好。研究表明,固定化Bacillus cereus细胞颗粒可以作为一种新的生物材料,处理制革废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)。     

Effect of Zr addition on the stability of precipitated Laves phase and mechanical properties of Fe–Cr–Al-based alloys at high temperatures

The effect of a small amount of Zr addition on the temperature-dependent stability of Laves phase particles and mechanical properties of Fe-13.5Cr-4.73Al-2.07Mo-(0.34–0.5)Nb-(0.65–0.98)Ta-(0–0.33)Zr (wt. %) ferritic alloys was investigated in the present study. The designed alloy ingots were hot-rolled, aged at 1073 ?K for 24 ?h, and then re-treated at 1273 ?K, 1323 ?K, 1373 ?K, and 1473 ?K for 1 ?h, respectively. It was found that the Zr addition could not only stabilize the Fe₂M Laves phase (M ?= ?Mo,Nb,Ta,Zr) to a much higher temperature, but also induce the formation of stable Fe₂₃Zr₆ phase. The high-temperature (HT) microstructural stability of the alloys significantly was improved, as evidenced by the fact that a certain amount (0.66–1.19%) of precipitates (Fe₂M, Fe₂₃Zr₆, and core(Fe₂₃Zr₆)-shell(Fe₂M)-structured particles) with an appropriate size (～1.0 ?μm) uniformly distributed in the ferritic matrix even after being re-treated at 1473 ?K. Particularly, the formation of core-shell-structured particles at HTs was studied from the viewpoint of both solid solubility and diffusion coefficient of M in the matrix. All these aged alloys exhibited prominent mechanical properties at both room and elevated temperatures, showing high yield strength with σ_YS ?= ?490–560 ?MPa at room-temperature and σ_YS ?= ?80–85 ?MPa at 1073 ?K. The strengthening effect was further discussed in light of various strengthening mechanisms, and the calculated strength are in good agreement with the experimental results.     

电动车I-AMT挡位切换电机-离合器协同控制

纯电动汽车匹配两挡变速箱能够改善整车动力性和经济性,由于其具有结构精简和无动力中断的优越性,因此高挡位摩擦离合器与低挡位单向离合器组合的传动构型成为电动汽车两档变速器的主流方案。然而,车辆在倒挡行驶时,需要挂入牙嵌离合器才能克服单向离合器只能传递单方向扭矩的问题。本文以一款基于牙嵌式离合器的新型无动力中断两挡自动变速器（I-AMT）为研究对象,协同控制驱动电机和倒挡执行机构电机使牙嵌式离合器平稳快速结合。针对驱动电机系统响应延时问题,使用史密斯预估器算法对控制系统进行预估补偿,并通过实验对控制策略进行验证。结果表明,该控制策略可有效避免牙嵌式离合器挂入时的冲击,保证了变速器可在短时间内在各个挡位之间平顺切换。     

铬法与锰法测定地表水COD值的研究

通过采用铬法与锰法测定佛山科学技术学院校园湖水COD值以及铬法与锰法分析条件、氧化率的相互比较．其结果表明：铬法精度高于锰法，铬法比锰法氧化完全，因此，采用铬法来作为控制有机污染物综合性指标比用锰法更为适宜，在测定清洁的地表水COD值时可用锰法，但对于受污染的地表水用铬法更适合。     

纯铜粉末包套-等径角挤压工艺实验研究

针对粉末材料低塑性的特点,在室温条件下采用包套-等径角挤压工艺(PITS-ECAP)将纯铜粉末颗粒直接固结成高致密度块体细晶材料.结果表明,包套-等径角挤压工艺对粉末材料具有有效的致密和细化效果.4道次PITS-ECAP工艺变形后,试样X、Y、Z面均受到剧烈剪切作用,晶粒尺寸得到明显细化,显微组织呈细长条带流线状,且分布较为均匀;试样整体组织达到完全致密,平均显微硬度高达1 470 MPa.在PITSECAP工艺变形过程中,剧烈塑性剪切变形、较高静水压力和有效应变积累是保证粉末材料致密度大幅度提高以及显微组织有效细化的主要原因.     

4种重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性研究

以体长(5.09±0.71)cm、体质量(2.09±0.66)g的黑鲷幼鱼为实验动物,采用静水停食试验法,在水温(28.8±1.6)℃,pH 8.24条件下,开展了Zn2+、Cr6+、Cu2+、Hg2+4种重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性试验。结果表明,Zn2+对黑鲷幼鱼的24h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为11.53 mg/L、10.15 mg/L、6.56 mg/L、6.09 mg/L;Cr6+对黑鲷幼鱼的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为31.48 mg/L、24.31 mg/L、23.01 mg/L、23.01 mg/L;Cu2+对黑鲷幼鱼的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为2.75 mg/L、1.55 mg/L、1.30 mg/L、1.06 mg/L;Hg2+对黑鲷幼鱼的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为0.098 8 mg/L、0.098 1 mg/L、0.089 2 mg/L,0.0742 mg/L。4种重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的毒性强度由高到低依次为Hg2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cr6+。最后还就重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的致毒特征、对黑鲷幼鱼早期发育的影响,以及水环境中重金属离子的毒性评价与控制进行了探讨。     

One-step disposal of Cr (Ⅵ)-bearing wastewater by natural pyrrhotite

Cr(VI)-bearing wastewater can be treated by natural pyrrhotite which is used for reductant to reduce Cr(VI) and precipitant to precipitate Cr(III) simultaneously. The disposal products can be divided into three parts in the beakers, namely supernatant in the upper part, the yellowish colloidal precipitates in the middle part and the pyrrhotite in the lower part. The content of total Cr=Cr(VI)+Cr(III) in the supernatant liquid is 0.06 mg/L, which is lower than 1.5 mg/L of the discharge standard of China and near to 0.05 mg/L of the standard of potable water. This one-step disposal composing of both reduction and precipitation which is traditionally divided into two independent steps called reducing technology and precipitating technology respectively. The new method is of obvious economic advantage and favourable to decreasing surplus mud derived from adding Ca(OH)₂ to precipitate Cr(III) traditionally so as to avoid recontamination. In fact, sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) used in disposal of Cr(VI) was traditionally produced from natural mineral of pyrrhotite (FeS). One molecule of FeS is 4 times more than that of Na₂SO₃ from a view point of rational use of mineral resources. Therefore the prospective of application of the one-step disposal of Cr(VI) method is full of promise.     

多元共渗处理对30Cr2MoV钢性能的影响

采用多元共渗的方法,分别在570℃,2 h,590℃,2 h,610℃,2 h的条件下对经过调质处理的30Cr2MoV钢进行多元共渗处理。通过金相分析、硬度测试、拉伸试验和腐蚀试验的方法测试分析了处理后样品的表面形貌、硬度分布、力学性能和抗蚀性。结果表明：经多元共渗处理后,材料的表面硬度,强度和抗蚀性均得到不同程度的提高,特别是经过590℃,2 h共渗处理后的样品综合性能最好。