刨花楠苗木叶片表型性状与构件生物量关系

刨花楠(Machilus pauhoi)为亚热带常绿乔木阔叶林树种,既是珍贵用材树种,又是优美的庭园观赏树.采用实验地调查与数理统计分析方法对江西4种源刨花楠苗木叶片长宽比(LL/LW)、厚(LT)、叶面积(LA)及比叶面积(SLA)等表型性状与构件生物量关系进行研究.结果表明:(1)苗木LL/LW和地径、株高、冠幅呈极显著正相关;SLA和地径、冠幅呈极显著负相关.(2)苗木LL/LW与叶、茎、总生物量呈极显著正相关;LA与叶、茎、根、总生物量呈极显著正相关;SLA与叶、茎、总生物量呈极显著负相关.(3)苗木叶片表型性状与苗木生长特征、构件生物量都具有很强的相关性,可通过叶片表型性状指标测定,为开展冠形、树干生物量利用等不同经营需求的刨花楠选择等提供理论依据与决策参考,也为园林绿化树种刨花楠的城市绿化建设提供科学依据.     

西昆仑上新世隆升的砂岩重矿物特征及金红石地球化学记录

对西昆仑造山带山前叶城地区柯克亚剖面新生代砂岩样品中重矿物及碎屑金红石的微量元素进行分析, 结果表明重矿物含量及其组合特征具有明显分段性, 上新世阿图什组(N2a)底部以下为较稳定重矿物阶段, 以上为不稳定重矿物阶段, 反映西昆仑在上新世经历过一期快速隆升过程。碎屑金红石微量元素特征表明, 剖面从下至上, 源岩为泥质变质岩的比例逐渐降低, 基性变质岩的比例逐渐增高, 反映西昆仑快速隆升导致基底被抬升剥蚀, 基底岩石对物源的贡献增大。金红石母岩类型主要为角闪岩/榴辉岩相和麻粒岩相变质岩, 可能由于西昆仑西部快速隆升, 形成西高东低的地貌格局, 西昆仑西部成为该区的优势物源区。     

太原西山太原组砂岩特征及其地质意义

以太原西山晚古生界石炭系太原组下部石英砂岩及晋祠砂岩为研究对象,对砂岩的岩石学、矿物学和重矿物进行分析,揭示太原组下部两层砂岩的碎屑端元组成特征。两层砂岩体的碎屑颗粒以岩浆岩型石英,沉积岩型石英,沉积岩岩屑和变质岩型石英为主;重矿物以稳定矿物和中等稳定矿物为主。该两层砂岩的物源区母岩组合都为沉积岩、变质岩和火成岩共存;且随着时间演化,物源母岩具有沉积岩比例相对降低而结晶岩比例相对增加的趋势。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部晚古生代物源体系及聚砂规律

为了认识沉积充填与大面积成藏的关系,根据大量的野外露头和钻井资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界的物源体系和砂体发育特征进行研究。结果表明:本溪—太原期的陆表海阶段物源供给有限,小型潮控三角洲与大面积潮坪交错发育;山西—下石盒子期为陆内坳陷盆地形成发展期,物源供给充分,大型浅水三角洲在宽缓的斜坡上大面积聚砂;上石盒子期盆地进入成熟稳定阶段,坡降进一步降低,发育聚泥为主的网状河三角洲;在宽缓的古地貌背景下多河道浅水三角洲的频繁进退和侧向迁移,使多物源供砂、多水系输砂和缓斜坡聚砂组成的"源-输-汇"三元耦合聚砂系统形成了大面积立体网毯状砂体,为岩性-地层圈闭小而多、大面积分布奠定了基础,成就了鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界"满盆生气、到处含气、岩性控气"的富气规律。     

耦合地貌信息熵和斜坡单元物质响应率的泥石流危险性分析

以粤西高州马贵镇为研究靶区,通过地貌信息熵法分析流域地貌发育演化阶段和泥石流沟谷危险性;提出流域单元物质响应率的概念,并结合遥感影像解译得到的松散物源分布,探讨泥石流沟谷的物源敏感性;在此基础上,将地貌信息熵值和流域单元物质响应率进行耦合,开展地形和物源复合作用下的泥石流危险性评价研究。研究结果表明：研究区子流域地貌信息熵值的变化范围为0.1398~0.8787,沟谷地貌演化从幼年期至老年期均有分布,60.57%的研究区面积处于幼年期—壮年期,泥石流沟谷比较活跃、危险性大;研究区子流域单元物质响应率变化范围为0~0.1716,53.46%的沟谷流域对物源较敏感,面积约为85.667 km2;基于地貌信息熵值和流域单元物质响应率耦合的泥石流危险性评价结果表明,43.87%的泥石流沟谷处于中等及以上危险区域,泥石流危险性较大。对比分析发现评价结果和实际情况较为吻合,评价结果合理,优于上述两种方法单独评价的结果。该成果可以为马贵河流域泥石流危险区规划和防灾减灾提供参考。     

Activation of northern margin of the North China Craton in Late Paleozoic: Evidence from U-Pb dating and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons from the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation in the Ningwu-Jingle basin

LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb dating has been performed on detrital zircons from the Upper Carboniferous Tai-yuan Formation (N-8) in the Ningwu-Jingle Basin, west of the North China Craton (NCC). The ages of 72 detrital zircon grains are divided into three groups: 303―320 Ma (6 grains), 1631―2194 Ma (37 grains, peaked at 1850 Ma), 2318―2646 Ma (29 grains, peaked at 2500 Ma). Detrital zircons of Group 2 and Group 3 were likely derived from the basement of the NCC. Group 1 zircons exhibit 176Hf/177Hf ratios ranging from 0...     

越南黄花梨种源家系生长遗传变异及早期选择

【目的】对越南黄花梨幼林阶段生长表现进行研究,为筛选早期生长性状优良的越南黄花梨家系,以及越南黄花梨引种选择提供依据。【方法】对4年生的越南黄花梨10种源46个家系的早期生长性状进行调查,在分析生长性状遗传变异的基础上进行早期优良种源和家系的选择。【结果】越南黄花梨早期生长性状在种源、家系间达到显著以上差异,表型和遗传变异系数分别为10.81%~36.97%和4.20%~10.95%。各性状的种源重复力、家系遗传力和单株遗传力分别为(0.45±0.19)~(0.81±0.06),(0.27±0.16)~(0.59±0.09) 和(0.18±0.13)~(0.35±0.19)。运用综合指数选择,综合生长指标、叶型和冠幅性状选出早期优良种源2个,优良家系6个。优良家系的树高、胸径、地径、叶色值、叶片叶绿素SPAD值以及冠幅的平均遗传增益为6.87%、6.54%、6.77%、2.62%、3.50%和9.43%。【结论】8号(兴安)种源不仅生长优良,而且存在着丰富的遗传变异,可作为越南黄花梨引种栽培的首选种源。     

殷商青铜器矿料来源与铅同位素示踪应用

出土地点相距较远的殷商青铜器具有相似的铅同住素组成特征，却与周代以后的青铜器存在明显的差异，具有异常铅同位素组成的殷商青铜器，其资源产地却是一个谜。地质、地球化学与考古学的多学科综合研究，特别是铅同位素示踪方法的应用可能是解开这个谜底的重要途径。     

A high-resolution clay mineralogical record in the northern South China Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum,and its time series provenance analysis

High-resolution clay mineralogical analysis of Core MD05-2904 in the northern South China Sea (SCS) covering the period since the Last Glacial Maximum shows that illite (29%–48%), smectite (14%–45%), chlorite (17%–28%), and minor kaolinite (6%–14%) comprise the clay mineral assemblage, and that time series variation does not present glacial-interglacial cyclicity. Provenance analysis indicates three end-member sources: almost all smectite derives from Luzon, all kaolinite is sourced from the Pearl River, and illite and chlorite originate from both the Pearl River and Taiwan. By comparing clay mineral compositions in surface sediments from the three major source areas and of the SCS, we reconstructed a time series of clay mineral contribution from the major provenances to the northern slope of the SCS using the linear separation method for illite crystallinity. There were three stages of provenance change. (1) During 24.1–17.5 ka BP, contributions from Taiwan and Luzon were similar (30%–40%), while that from the Pearl River was only 25%. (2) During 17.5–14.0 ka BP, the contribution from Luzon decreased rapidly to 20%–25%, while that from Taiwan increased to 35% from an average of 25% at 18 ka BP, and that from the Pearl River increased largely to 40%. (3) During the Holocene, differences in contributions from the three major provenances increased: the contribution from Luzon increased slightly and then remained at 27%–35%, that from Taiwan increased rapidly and then remained at 55%–60%, and that from the Pearl River decreased to 15%. The change in clay mineral contributions from different provenances is influenced mainly by clay mineral production, monsoon rainfall denudation, oceanic current transport, and sea-level change.