乙酸存在下钴铝类水滑石催化氧化苯甲醛合成苯甲酸

采用共沉淀法制备了晶相单一、结晶度良好的钴铝类水滑石,借助XRD、FT-IR对其物化性能进行了表征;在乙酸存在下,将其应用于苯甲醛液相空气氧化合成苯甲酸的反应当中,详细考察了搅拌速度、乙酸用量、反应温度及时间、催化剂组成结构及其用量等因素对该反应活性及选择性的影响。实验结果表明:CoAl-HTLcs在乙酸为介质的条件下能够很好地催化氧化苯甲醛至苯甲酸。在敞开体系下,当反应温度为65℃,反应时间为45 min,实验搅拌速度为800 r/min,V(苯甲醛)∶V(乙酸)=5∶15,CoAl类水滑石(n(Co)/n(Al)=2)催化剂用量为0.1 g时,苯甲酸的选择性为100%,苯甲醛的转化率近100%。     

脂质体磷脂与抗体蛋白的偶联方法

为使蛋白质分子(如抗体)易于在脂质体表面发生交联,同时能很容易地控制表面覆盖的范围,文中探讨一种简单而易于控制的免疫脂质体制备方法．通过添加一定比例的直链醛,并与卵磷脂、胆固醇混合,采用逆相蒸发法制备脂质体．研究结果表明,双层脂质分子中直链醛(十一醛)的亲水醛基暴露在水相中,能与抗体蛋白中的氨基形成席夫碱,并能通过改变最初与脂质混合时所使用的醛量来改变表面覆盖的范围．所制备的免疫脂质体抗体活性大大提高．     

复方桂枝汤中桂皮醛煎出率的薄层扫描法测定

选用双波长薄层层析扫描仪测定了汤剂中桂皮醛的煎出率。并对煎煮时间与其煎出率之间的关系做了比较分析，为汤剂的煎煮提供了一定的科学依据。同时对复方煎煮液中化学成分质与量的变化亦做了初步分析。     

Acyl fluorides as reactive mimics of aldehyde pheromones: hyperactivation and aphrodisiac inHeliothis virescens

Summary Substitution of fluorine for the aldehydic hydrogen provides behaviorally active, chemically reactive pheromone mimics. In male moths of the tobacco budwormHeliothis virescens, Z9–14:Acf and Z11–16:Acf cause hyperactivity and irreversible extension of the genitalia in over 80% of treated moths. In addition, a combination of the two components leads to 10–50% of the pairs involving one treated partner becoming locked in copula.Supported by NSF grant PCM-8112755 and DMB-8316931, by a Fellowship from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (1981–85), and by Teacher-Scholar Grant from the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation (1981–86) to G.D.P. Address correspondence to G.D.P.     

Enzymatic reduction of fatty acids and acyl-CoAs to long chain aldehydes and alcohols

Summary The properties of enzymatic systems involved in the synthesis of long chain aldehydes and alcohols have been reviewed. Fatty acid and acyl-CoA reductases are widely distributed and generate fatty alcohols for ether lipid and was ester synthesis as well as fatty aldehydes for bacterial bioluminescence. Fatty alcohol is generally the major product of fatty acid reduction in crude or membrane systems, although reductases which release fatty aldehydes as products have also been purified. The reduction of fatty acid proceeds through the ATP-dependent formation of acyl intermediates such as acyl-CoA and acyl protein, followed by reduction to aldehyde and alcohol with NAD(P)H. In most cases, both the rate of fatty acid conversion and acyl chain specificity of the reaction are determined at the level of reduction of the intermediate. The reduction of fatty acids represents the major pathway for the control of the synthesis of fatty aldehydes and alcohols. Several other enzymatic reactions involved in lipid degradation also release fatty aldehydes but do not apear to play an important role in long chain alcohol synthesis.     

固相催化合成伪紫罗兰酮

研究了用固体Al_2O_3-KF作碱性催化剂催化丙酮与柠檬醛合成伪紫罗兰酮的反应.探讨了催化剂的组成比、用量以及反应温度、反应时间等对产率的影响.表明该催化剂具有产率高(色谱分析达96%)、催化剂与产物易分离、反应条件温和、操作简便等优点。     

10-芳香基甲叉基蒽酮衍生物的合成

以蒽酮和芳香醛为原料，二甲苯为溶剂，吡啶催化法制取１０－芳香基甲叉基蒽酮。发现其生成物中除含有目标化合物１０－芳香堪甲叉基蒽酮外，还含有部分文献中没有报道的蒽酮氧化物，经物理方法确定其为蒽酮。该化合物不能用溶剂重结晶的方法将其从缩合产物中除去，有效的分离方法是升华。     

4,6,7,8-四氢-4,6-二芳基氧杂吖庚因[4,3-c]斯德酮顺反异构体的转化

用3-(3-苯基-3-羟基丙基)斯德酮和芳香醛反应合成了cis-和trans-4,6,7,8-四氢-4,6-二芳基氧杂吖庚因[4,3-c]斯德酮,这两种异构体在通常情况下都是稳定的,可以用柱层析进行分离提纯.在质子酸催化下,两种异构体均可以发生异构化,得到cis-和trans-异构体混合物.顺反式异构体的比例可以用1H NMR进行测定.     

乙醇汽油发动机排放特性研究

在一台JL368Q3多点电喷汽油机上，开展了乙醇汽油（不同掺混比）发动机排放特性的研究，并用GC2010气相色谱仪测量了排气中未燃醇醛的排放浓度．试验结果表明：在发动机运转参数相同的条件下，燃用E10、E20（乙醇的体积分数分别为10％、20％）混合燃料时，发动机的CO和NOx排放有了较好的改善，降幅可分别达到15％和5％，但在高负荷时发动机的HC排放增加；乙醇汽油发动机排气中的醇醛排放随发动机的转速和负荷增加而增加，其中乙醛排放随燃料中乙醇含量的增加而增加；经过三效催化转化后，乙醇汽油发动机的醇醛在大部分工况下可以实现零排放．     

合成氮氧自由基的一种简便方法

报道了一种合成吡啶基氮氧自由基的新方法，与传统方法对比，缩短了反应时间，提高了产率，是合成吡啶基氮氧自由基的一种简便方法．