用基因芯片技术分析干旱胁迫下生殖生长期大麦的基因表达

耐旱性是干旱地区稳定和增加大麦产量的一个关键因素。鉴定出与耐旱性相关的功能基因,一方面可了解大麦的耐旱机理,同时还可以促进利用生物技术来改良大麦的耐旱性。在研究中,2个在耐旱性上具有明显差异的大麦品种Tadmor(耐旱)和WI2291(干旱敏感)被选作材料,采用22000个ESTs(基因表达序列标签)的Affymetrix大麦基因芯片Barley1来分析生殖生长期干旱胁迫下2个大麦材料的差异表达基因。研究结果表明,干旱胁迫下2个大麦材料中有77个共调节基因,其中部分基因已被报道过可能与抗旱性相关。这些基因中已有功能注释的基因按其生物学功能被分为14组,猜测它们是干旱胁迫的响应基因,在抗旱性上可能不起重要作用,或者是必需的但单独不足以提高大麦的抗旱性。进一步比较2个材料差异表达的基因,发现二材料之间有372个受干旱调节基因的差异。这些基因中有功能注释基因的生物学功能中可分为15组,其中一些已被认为与抗旱性相关;而对那些未知功能的基因,推测可能亦在大麦的抗旱性上扮演一定的角色。研究所得结果可为阐述生殖生长期大麦的耐旱性机理提供新的认识。     

用GEP实现复杂函数的自动建模

GEP是一种新颖的遗传算法,在函数建模的应用中取得良好的结果.给出计算有效基因长度的伪代码,结合GRCM方法阅读基因,快速计算出染色体的适应值.在算法中增加了参数估计模块,用GEP得到较好模型后,用参数估计模块进行参数优化,试验显示这种混合的GEP方法比传统的最小二乘法、神经网络以及遗传程序设计等方法具有更好的性能.     

Developing pharmacological therapies for Alzheimer disease

Alzheimer disease (AD), while chronic and progressive with an average progression of 7 – 10 years, is both multifactorial and heterogeneous. Thus, AD offers a large window of opportunity and a large number of therapeutic targets to inhibit it. The selection of a therapeutic target, however, is one of the biggest challenges in developing a pharmacological treatment of this multifactorial disease. Inhibition of a pivotal downstream event is likely to benefit more patients than inhibition of an upstream event in AD pathogenesis. Neurofibrillary degeneration of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau offers such a pivotal therapeutic target. Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau and not its aggregation into filaments appears to be the most deleterious step in neurofibrillary degeneration. Tau can be abnormally hyperphosphorylated by downregulation of protein phosphatase-2A activity or by upregulation of more than one tau kinase. Restoration of the phosphatase activity which is downregulated in AD brain or inhibition of GSK-3β and cdk5, which are required for AD-type abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau, are among the most promising therapeutic strategies.     

Receptor communication within the lymphocyte plasma membrane: a role for the thrombospondin family of matricellular proteins

Lymphocytes, the principal cells of the immune system, carry out immune surveillance throughout the body by their unique capacity to constantly reposition themselves between a free-floating vascular state and a tissue state characterized by migration and frequent adhesive interactions with endothelial cells and components of the extracellular matrix. Therefore, mechanisms co-ordinating adhesion and migration with signals delivered through antigen recognition probably play a pivotal role for the regulation of lymphocyte behaviour and function. Endogenous thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) seems to be the hub in such a mechanism for autocrine regulation of T cell adhesion and migration. TSP-1 functions as a mediator of cis interaction of vital receptors within the T lymphocyte plasma membrane, including integrins, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, calreticulin and integrin-associated protein. Received 1 June 2006; received after revision 28 June 2006; accepted 11 October 2006     

基于SOM算法的蛋白质亚细胞位置预测

由于蛋白质的功能与亚细胞位置有关,可以通过预测蛋白质的亚细胞位置来推断蛋白质分子的功能.首先介绍了SOM模型和Batch-Type SOM模型,并用这两个模型分别预测了蛋白质的亚细胞位置,结果表明,使用SOM模型和Batch-Type SOM模型均可以比较准确地预测蛋白质的亚细胞位置;Batch-Type SOM模型在保持预测准确率的同时还可以减少预测的时间.     

L-4型改性蛋白鞣剂的皮革复鞣性能研究

研究了胶原蛋白水解液与乙烯基类单体接枝共聚制备的L-4型改性蛋白鞣剂对皮革的复鞣填充性能.发现该鞣剂兼顾了胶原蛋白多肽链的柔软性和乙烯基类树脂的填充性,经其加工的皮革柔软性和增厚率有明显改善,这表明鞣剂分子能渗透到原胶原分子之间,撑开并分散胶原纤维.     

蛋白- SDS胶束中蛋白与SDS结合比率的测定

研究了影响蛋白和SDS结合比例的各种因素.该比例与离子强度无关,但与巯基乙醇和SDS的质量分数相关.建立了测定蛋白-SDS胶束中蛋白与SDS结合比率的方法.当总SDS质量分数为蛋白质量分数的3倍左右,离子强度小于0.2,测出牛血清白蛋白、鱼精蛋白、溶菌酶、胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶的蛋白/SDS比例分别为1∶1.42、1∶1.62、1∶1.36、1∶1.53和1∶1.41.而乙醇酸氧化酶的蛋白/SDS比例则仅为1∶0.23.     

干旱胁迫对9种菊科杂草可溶性蛋白质的影响

利用聚乙二醇（PEG6000）模拟水分胁迫法,研究了9种菊科杂草在不同水分胁迫强度下,其叶片可溶性蛋白含量及组分的动态变化．结果表明：大蓟、加拿大飞蓬和清明菜体内可溶性蛋白含量及组分明显变化,在胁迫24-48h时出现分子量约60kD的干旱诱导蛋白;胁迫时间对白蒿、苦荬菜、马兰、泥胡菜、天名精、黄鹌菜的叶片可溶性蛋白含量改变有极显著差异,胁迫浓度对植物叶片可溶性蛋白含量改变无显著差异．