In vitro systems in the study of peroxisomal protein import

Our level of understanding of peroxisome biogenesis in comparison with other cellular organelles is rudimentary, yet the fragments of information available indicate that the targeting and import of peroxisomal proteins occur by fundamentally different mechanisms. Genetic studies have identified a number of genes required for peroxisome assembly, but in most cases the functions of the gene products remain unknown. In vitro protein translocation systems have played a prominent role in unravelling the biochemistry of protein translocation into other organelles. This review considers some of the requirements for establishing a bona fide peroxisomal import assay and discusses the findings which have emerged as a result of using such experimental systems.     

空间环境对细胞基因表达的影响

空间环境不同于地球表面的任何环境,它强烈的空间辐射、高真空、微磁场以及航天器中的微重力等特殊环境对生物的影响都是人们目前正在探索的领域。空间辐射、微重力通过多种途径影响细胞的基因表达。对空间环境影响肿瘤细胞生物学性状发生改变机制的探讨有助于更深刻地认识肿瘤的发生发展,为攻克肿瘤提供新的思路和方法。     

4-Hydroxynonenal-modified amyloid-beta peptide inhibits the proteasome: possible importance in Alzheimer's disease

The amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is a 4-kDa species derived from the amyloid precursor protein, which accumulates in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Although we lack full understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of selective neuron death, considerable data do imply roles for both the toxic Aβ and increased oxidative stress. Another significant observation is the accumulation of abnormal, ubiquitin-conjugated proteins in affected neurons, suggesting dysfunction of the proteasome proteolytic system in these cells. Recent reports have indicated that Aβ can bind and inhibit the proteasome, the major cytoslic protease for degrading damaged and ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. Earlier results from our laboratory showed that moderately oxidized proteins are preferentially recognized and degraded by the proteasome; however, severely oxidized proteins cannot be easily degraded and, instead, inhibit the proteasome. We hypothesized that oxidatively modified Aβ might have a stronger (or weaker) inhibitory effect on the proteasome than does native Aβ. We therefore also investigated the proteasome inhibitory action of Aβ _1–40 (a peptide comprising the first 40 residues of Aβ) modified by the intracellular oxidant hydrogen peroxide, and by the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). H₂O₂ modification of Aβ _1–40 generates a progressively poorer inhibitor of the purified human 20S proteasome. In contrast, HNE modification of Aβ _1–40 generates a progressively more selective and efficient inhibitor of the degradation of fluorogenic peptides and oxidized protein substrates by human 20S proteasome. This interaction may contribute to certain pathological manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease Received 26 September 2000; accepted 26 September 2000     

猪GPR84基因克隆和组织表达图谱分析

本研究以长白猪(Landrace)小肠cDNA为模板,克隆游离脂肪酸家族受体GPR84基因cDNA全长.GPR84基因cDNA全长1243bp,编码396个氨基酸的前体蛋白,与人、大鼠、小鼠、牛等哺乳动物的GPR84氨基酸序列一致性分别为90.2%、83.8%、82.8%、89.4%;结构分析表明猪GPR84含有保守的七次跨膜结构域.采用RT-PCR方法,对家猪GPR84基因进行组织表达分析.结果显示:GPR84在家猪各组织中均有表达.其在下丘脑,肺,肝脏及肠末端分区等组织中表达量较高.     

两类弹性体的圣维南原理的数学表达

导出两类具有分片光滑边界面和圣维南原理条件的弹性体中应力分量的极限，并把其作为该两类问题的圣维南原理的数学表达。然后讨论了相关的问题。     

音乐表情术语与钢琴作品

音乐表情术语是引导和帮助我们如何理解和表现作曲者，在每首作品中的每一个音符，乐句，和乐段的重要表现手段，它是通向作曲家内心世界的必要途径，它是演奏者开启作曲家心灵的一把金钥匙，是我们理解和表现好钢琴音乐作品的重要依据。     

人白血病仰制因子基因在酵母中的融合表达

用ＰＣＲ突变的方法使人白血病抑制因子基因的终止密码子缺失，并与质粒ｐＰＩＣＺαＡ上的ｍｙｃ表位及６个组氨酸处于同一读码框，构建融合表达载体ｐＰＩＣＺαＡ－ｈＬＩＦＭ．通过氯化理化学转化法使表达载体整合到毕赤巴斯德酵母Ｘ－３３的基因组ＤＮＡ中。转化子经甘油增菌和甲醇诱导，实现了ｈＬＩＦ基因在毕赤酵母表达载体系统中的表达．ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ检测和 Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分析结果表明在相对分子质量为６１ ０００处有一条人白血病抑制因子特异蛋白带．凝胶薄层扫描分析结果显示表达的目的蛋白占培养液上清总蛋白的 ３３．３％．且该表达产物具有抑制小鼠畸胎瘤细胞Ｆ９克隆形成的活性．     

苜蓿叶蛋白脱色及色素的研究

本文讨论了苜蓿叶蛋白浓缩物（Ｌｅａｆｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｃｏｎｃｅｒｔｒａｔｅｓ）的分离、脱色的方法及苜蓿叶中色素的含量及部分性质的研究，从而确定了叶蛋白浓缩物及苜蓿叶中色素在食品工业和饲料工业中的用途。     

Relationships between D1 protein, xanthophyll cycle and photodamage-resistant capacity in rice (Orysa sativa L.)

Relationships between D1 protein, xanthophyll cycle and subspecific difference of photodamage-resistant capacity have been studied in O. japonica rice varieties 02428 and 029 (photoinhibition-tolerance) and O. indica rice varieties 3037 and Palghar (photoinhibition-sensitivity) and their reciprocal cross F1 hybrids after photoinhibitory treatment. It was shown that PSⅡ photochemical efficiency (Fv /Fm) decreased, and xanthophyll cycle from violaxanthin (V), via anaxanthin (A), to zeaxanthin (Z) was enhanced and non-photochemical quenching (qN) increased accordingly in SM-pretreated leaves of rice when the synthesis of D1 protein was inhibited, and that there was a decrease in qN and, as a result, more loss of D1 protein and a big decrease in Fv /Fm in DTT-pretreated leaves when xanthophyll cycle was inhibited. O. japonica subspecies had a higher maintaining capacity of D1 protein and a decrease of Fv /Fm in a more narrow range, and exhibited more resistance against photodamage, as compared with O. indica subspecies. The above physiological indexes in reciprocal cross F1 hybrids, though between the values of their parents, were closer to maternal lines than to paternal lines. Experimental results support the concept that the turnover capacity for D1 protein is an important physiological basis of photoinhibition-tolerance, and will provide the physiological basis for selection of the photoinhibition-tolerant parents and develop a new approach to breed hybrids with high photosynthetic efficiency.