基于X射线脉冲星的高轨卫星自主初轨确定

介绍了X射线脉冲星轨道确定原理,在分析脉冲星相位模型的基础上,推导了X射线脉冲星轨道确定算法,讨论了时间估计法在解模糊度问题中的应用,针对高轨卫星提出了利用其大致高度信息辅助解模糊度的方法。对地球静止轨道卫星初轨确定进行了仿真,结果表明选用周期较大的脉冲星并采用时间估计与高度信息辅助的方法可以有效解决模糊度问题,并达到几十公里级的初轨确定精度。     

果园土壤贮水量神经网络估算模型研究

利用神经网络对土壤水分进行预测时，一般需考虑多个因素（如气象因素和土壤特性等），需测量多种参数值。神经网络模型只以0～100cm范围内各层的土壤含水量为输入变量，对0～180cm土层的土壤含水量进行了预测，并与Biswas估算模式的预测结果进行了比较。结果表明：神经网络方法具有很高的预测精度，预测值的相对误差在-4．26％～3．22％；Biswas估算模式的预测效果较差，预测值的相对误差在-11．87％～7．95％。由此可见，该神经网络模型具有较强的便利性和实用性，可用于对本地区果园的土壤墒情进行估测。图8，表2，参14。     

“Unfolding” Natural Resource-Use Information Systems: Fieldwork in Botswana

My research examines the performance of natural resource-use information systems. I question why such systems, despite receiving substantial financial and human investment, appear to have a weak impact on projects, programs, and policy intended for rural poverty alleviation in developing countries. Drawing on my understanding of the process of unfolding introduced by C. West Churchman, and its particular relationship to Habermasian constitutive interests, I reflect on my experiences of using the concept during fieldwork undertaken in Botswana. The concept is found useful on two fronts: first, it provides a purposeful guide for gathering and processing information/knowledge—what I have termed an epistemological intent; second, it provides a useful template for evaluating other information systems; in particular, the role of expertise—what I have termed an ontological intent. The process of unfolding, as I understand it, also provides an invitation for constructive (rather than self-indulgent) personal reflection: what might be termed a constitutive reflexive intent. By making information gathering and knowledge generation less mystical and a more transparent social activity, the conceptual and practical application of the process of unfolding can help toward retrieving inquiry as being a purposeful, openly political, and thereby less deceptive engagement: features which I believe are found particularly wanting in the business of rural development information gathering.     

GPS载体姿态测量技术研究

本文首先介绍了ＧＰＳ姿态测量技术的原理,包括坐标转换、相位干涉等,并在此基础上重点讨论了基线矢量解算过程中存在的相位模糊问题。在低精度基线较短时可采用搜索方法,并推导了模糊空间的大小和搜索检验方法;在高精度基线较长时,可采用多天线辅助解相位模糊,并推导了为满足给定的整周模糊错误概率和一定精度要求时,所需的相邻基线长度比及所需的天线阵元总数,同时给出了实例。本文的研究对ＧＰＳ姿态测量的工程应用具有一定的参考价值。     

融合PPI网络和基因表达的复合物识别算法

从大规模相互作用网络中识别蛋白质复合物,对解释特定的生物进程和预测蛋白质功能具有重要作用,同时也是后基因组时代一 个最重要的研究课题. 考虑到传统仅基于蛋白质相互作用网络（PPI网络）的蛋白质复合物识别算法可靠性不高,本文提出 了一种新的融合PPI网络和基因表达数据的蛋白质复合物识别算法IPCIPG. 区别于之前用基因表达数据评估PPI网络可靠性的做法,本文提出在蛋白质复合物的识别过程中将PPI网络和基因表达数据有机地结合起来. 算法IPCIPG首先根据边聚集系数（ECC）与蛋 白质间共表达的相关性（PCC）计算PPI网络中每个节点的权重,权重最大的节点作为种子,然后从种子节点开始扩充生成稠密子图. 基于酵母数据集的实验结果表明,算法IPCIPG较其他算法HUNTER,HC-PIN,CMC,SPICI,MOCDE,MCL能够更准确,更有效地 识别出具有特定生物意义的蛋白质复合物.     

新型红外测油仪中的液芯波导技术

首次将液芯波导技术应用于中红外吸收测量的油成分分析领域, 研制的新型MFA-450型红外测油仪的灵敏度比现有同类型仪器提高一个数量级, 检出限为0.01 mg/L(油/萃取剂).     

Protein kinase C and phospholipase D: intimate interactions in intracellular signaling

Diacylglycerol (DAG) was discovered as a potent lipid second messenger with protein kinase C (PKC) as its major cellular target more than 25 years ago. There is increasing evidence of significant complexity within lipid signaling, and the classical DAG-PKC model no longer stands alone but is part of a larger bioactive lipid universe involving glycerolipids and sphingolipids. Multiple layers of regulation exist among PKC- and DAG-metabolizing enzymes such as phosphatidylcholine (PC)-specific phospholipase D, and cross-talk exists between the glycerolipid and sphingolipid pathways, with PKC at the center. Currently, there is intense interest in the question of whether DAG derived from PC can function as a lipid second messenger and regulate PKC analogous to DAG derived from phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂). To address these issues and incorporate DAG-PKC and other signaling pathways into an expanded view of cell biology, it will be necessary to go beyond the classical approaches and concepts.Received 29 November 2004; received after revision 18 January 2005; accepted 4 March 2005This work is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Yasutomi Nishizuka, the discoverer of protein kinase C, who was both a gentleman and a scientist.     

Hsp70 chaperones: Cellular functions and molecular mechanism

Hsp70 proteins are central components of the cellular network of molecular chaperones and folding catalysts. They assist a large variety of protein folding processes in the cell by transient association of their substrate binding domain with short hydrophobic peptide segments within their substrate proteins. The substrate binding and release cycle is driven by the switching of Hsp70 between the low-affinity ATP bound state and the high-affinity ADP bound state. Thus, ATP binding and hydrolysis are essential in vitro and in vivo for the chaperone activity of Hsp70 proteins. This ATPase cycle is controlled by co-chaperones of the family of J-domain proteins, which target Hsp70s to their substrates, and by nucleotide exchange factors, which determine the lifetime of the Hsp70-substrate complex. Additional co-chaperones fine-tune this chaperone cycle. For specific tasks the Hsp70 cycle is coupled to the action of other chaperones, such as Hsp90 and Hsp100.Received 21 October 2004; received after revision 24 November 2004; accepted 6 December 2004     

Structural and dynamical features contributing to thermostability in α-amylases

In recent years an increasing number of studies on thermophilic and hyperthermophilic proteins aiming to elucidate determinants of protein thermostability have yielded valuable insights about the relevant mechanisms. In particular, comparison of homologous enzymes with different thermostabilities (isolated from psychrophilic, mesophilic, thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organsims) offers a unique opportunity to determine the strategies of thermal adaptation. In this respect, the medium-sized amylolytic enzyme α-amylase is a well-established representative. Various studies on α-amylases with very different thermostabilities (melting temperature T_m = 40–110°C) report structural and dynamical features as well as thermodynamical properties which are supposed to play key roles in thermal adaptation. Here, results from selected homologous α-amylases are presented and discussed with respect to some new and recently proposed strategies to achieve thermostability.Received 28 February 2005; received after revision 29 April 2005; accepted 19 May 2005     

Compensatory caspase activation in MPP+-induced cell death in dopaminergic neurons

Many have hypothesized that cell death in Parkinsons disease is via apoptosis and, specifically, by the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway. We tested this hypothesis using a mouse dopaminergic cell line of mesencephalic origin, MN9D, challenged with the Parkinsonism-causing neurotoxin MPP⁺ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion). Apoptosis was the main mode of cell death when the cells were subjected to MPP⁺ treatment under serum-free conditions for 24 h. Caspase-3 and caspase-9, however, were not activated, thus indicating the existence of alternate or compensatory cell death pathway(s) in dopaminergic neuronal cells. Using caspase inhibitors, we demonstrated that these pathways involve caspase-2, –8, –6 and –7. A time-course study indicated that activation of caspase-2 and –8 occurred upstream of caspase-6 and caspase-7. Upon MPP⁺ challenge, the apoptosis-inducing factor was translocated from the mitochondria into the MN9D cytosol and nucleus. These results suggest the existence of alternative apoptotic pathways in dopaminergic neurons.Received 20 September 2004; received after revision 5 November 2004; accepted 22 November 2004