农村工业结构时空演进及其环境污染效应评价——基于行业污染程度视角

从行业污染程度的视角对农村工业进行分类,分析农村工业结构变动的时空分异特征,探讨农村工业结构变动对环境影响的机理,构建环境影响指数,定量评价农村工业结构演进的环境污染效应.主要结论如下:①1988-2010年间农村工业轻度污染行业所占比重呈现增加的趋势,而污染行业呈现下降的趋势.研究期内环境影响指数呈现"增长-下降-增长"的变化趋势,2002年以后又逐步呈现增加的趋势.②农村工业结构区域分异特征明显,在省级层面,江苏、山东、浙江、山西、河北、河南、广东、辽宁、上海等省市重污染行业和中度污染占全国重污染行业的比重较多,环境影响指数也都较大.在区域层面上,污染行业也主要集中在东部发达地区,东部地区环境影响指数远远大于中部和西部地区.在环境管理实践中不同的地区应实行差别化的管理政策.     

Multicategory Purchase Incidence Models for Partitions of Product Categories

We analyze multicategory purchases of households by means of heterogeneous multivariate probit models that relate to partitions formed from a total of 25 product categories. We investigate both prior and post hoc partitions. We search model structures by a stochastic algorithm and estimate models by Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. The best model in terms of cross‐validated log‐likelihood refers to a post hoc partition with two groups; the second‐best model considers all categories as one group. Among prior partitions with at least two category groups a five‐group model performs best. Effects on average basket value differ for the model with five prior category groups from those for the best‐performing model in 40% and 24% of the investigated categories for features and displays, respectively. In addition, the model with five prior category groups also underestimates total sales revenue across all categories by about 28%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Between meaning culture and presence effects: contemporary biomedical objects as a challenge to museums

The acquisition and display of material artefacts is the raison d’être of museums. But what constitutes a museum artefact? Contemporary medicine (biomedicine) is increasingly producing artefacts that do not fit the traditional museological understanding of what constitutes a material, tangible artefact. Museums today are therefore caught in a paradox. On the one hand, medical science and technologies are having an increasing pervasive impact on the way contemporary life is lived and understood and is therefore a central part of the contemporary world. On the other hand, the objects involved in medical diagnostics and therapies are becoming increasingly invisible and intangible and therefore seem to have no role to play as artefacts in a museum context. Consequently, museums are at risk of becoming alienated from an increasingly important part of contemporary society. This essay elaborates the paradox by employing Gumbrecht’s (2004) distinction between ‘presence’ and ‘meaning’.     

遥感估算植被覆盖度的角度效应分析

植被覆盖度是植被在地面的垂直投影面积占统计区总面积的百分比.由于植被反射的二向性特性,不同角度估算的植被覆盖度原则上不可比,另外,不同观测角度对应像元不同的采样面积,对于非均一地表这种面积差异引起的角度效应也非常显著.本文除了考虑植被的二向性反射,还重点模拟分析了由于像元的采样面积差异引起的角度效应及其带来的植被覆盖度估算误差.模拟结果表明:相比天顶观测,在倾斜40°观测时,对于作物和裸土混合,由于面积误差带来的红光波段反射率差异已高达56%,同时引起的植被覆盖度估算误差达到23%,因此研究植被覆盖度的角度效应问题很有必要.     

应用高分子材料整治铁路桥梁支座病害

分析了铁路桥梁支座病害的成因,介绍了应用高分子材料整治桥梁支座病害的施工工艺和取得的效果.     

酸樱桃果实有效成分及药理作用的研究

酸樱桃果实营养丰富、均衡,含有大量的维生素(VA,VB,VC)和矿物质(K,Ca,Fe),而糖类、脂肪、热量的含量较低;尤其富含花青素、各种花色苷、褪黑激素、槲皮素、异槲皮素和其他有效成分.大量研究发现它们具有显著的药理作用,如调节睡眠、清除自由基、抗氧化作用、抗炎、镇痛、抗癌、预防心血管疾病、降低血糖、延缓衰老等.因此,对酸樱桃果实有效成分及药理作用进行了研究.     

低压供电系统中零线断线故障的防护措施

分析了零线断线造成电压偏移而对设备和人身安全带来的严重后果, 提出了重复接地等有效的故障保护措施.     

风速变化的并网型风电场故障分析

针对新疆达坂城风电场750 kW机组和风电场风速变化特点,建立了故障分析数学模型,对风电场提供的短路电流、风电机组机端电压和3种典型风速变化时,风电场提供的电流进行了仿真,并对不同位置三相短路电流进行了计算,研究了系统短路时风速变化的风电场与系统之间的相互影响,从低电压穿越功能(LVRT)角度,讨论了风电继电保护的配置问题,提出了改善风电场电压质量的措施.     

地震灾害后不同受灾人群身心应激症状影响度分析

面对地震带来的巨大灾难,通过探讨地震后不同类型灾民身心应激症状的影响度,有利于有针对性地对灾民进行心理救助,减轻灾害影响,提高灾害救援效果。本文将地震后灾民身心应激症状分解为4个指标,即生理症状、认知症状、情绪症状和行为症状。采用突变级数法构建了地震灾害后灾民身心应激症状突变模型,并以5·12汶川地震为例做实证研究,对不同类型受灾人群身心应激症状影响度进行了分析。通过对比研究发现,不同类型人群身心应激症状所受影响程度不同,女性、中老年组以及重灾区人群身心应激症状最严重。即使同一类人群,在面对同样灾害时,其在生理症状、认知症状、情绪症状和行为症状4个方面所受影响程度也不同。本文采用突变模型对地震灾害后灾民身心应激症状进行研究,所得结论与既往相关研究结论基本一致,表明模型的评价结果可靠、有效,为灾后减灾工作提供了新的思路和方法。