林木根际微生态过程与细根寿命调控机制研究进展

细根在森林生态系统中具有重要的生物学和生态学地位。细根寿命取决于树种本身,也受控于环境条件。根际作为植物、土壤与微生物三者交互作用的区域,其中的微生态过程对细根寿命的调控具有决定意义。笔者基于当前国内外细根寿命调控的主要因素,分别从根际碳沉积与根际微生态过程、根系对根际微生物群落构建的影响、根际微生物对细根寿命调控的可能机制3个方面对根际微生物与根系的互作效应,及其对细根寿命调控机制的相关研究进展进行综述。在此基础上,提出了:①酚酸介导的植物-微生物化学对话机制是未来根土互作研究的重要领域;②根系与微生物互作主要以光合产物碳作为枢纽,根际碳沉积促进了土壤微生物在根际的定殖,进而导致根际的微生物群落在组成和结构上与非根际土壤的呈现显著差异;③根土互作过程中由根系和根际微生物产生的信号物质可能对根系的生长发育产生显著影响;④作为细菌的主要群感信号分子,酰化高丝氨酸内脂(AHLs)可参与调控根系细胞的凋亡;真菌侵染根系后也可能导致根内活性氧(ROS)累积,进而调控根系细胞凋亡。目前未见根际微生物参与根系寿命调控的研究报道。建议进一步构建细菌群落演变-群感信号表达-细根寿命关系模型,以及真菌侵染-活性氧信号内稳态调控-细根寿命关系模型,这些对深入揭示林木细根衰老和凋亡的微生态调控机制具有重要理论意义。     

The function of apolipoproteins L

The function of the proteins of the apolipoprotein L (apoL) family is largely unknown. These proteins are classically thought to be involved in lipid transport and metabolism, mainly due to the initial discovery that a secreted member of the family, apoL-I, is associated with high-density lipoprotein particles. However, the other members of the family are believed to be intracellular. The recent unravelling of the mechanism by which apoL-I kills African trypanosomes, as well as the increasing evidence for modulation of apoL expression in various pathological processes, provides new insights about the functions of these proteins. ApoLs share structural and functional similarities with proteins of the Bcl-2 family. Based on the activity of apoL-I in trypanosomes and the comparison with Bcl-2 proteins, we propose that apoLs could function as ion channels of intracellular membranes and be involved in mechanisms triggering programmed cell death. Received 28 February 2006; received after revision 18 May 2006; accepted 2 June 2006     

程序教学法在高校足球基本技术教学中的运用研究

通过对足球基本技术教学内容进行优化设计和教学实验，结果表明：程序教学法有利于学生加深对所学技术的理解和运用能力，并能及时反馈教学的效果，使教授环节和学习环节相对应、相连接，使教学过程达到完善而系统化，从而明显提高了教学效率和质量．     

细胞凋亡的相关基因及表达调控研究进展

细胞凋亡是由一系列基因控制的主动的细胞学过程．本文概述了细胞凋亡相关基因及表达调控，如ced基因家族、bcl-2基因家族、P53基因家族、ICE基因家族、Fas／Apo基因以及与凋亡相关的癌基因等，同时简介了一个细胞凋亡基因调控的新模式和该领域的研究新动向．     

D-M分布函数在程序升温还原反应动力学计算中的应用

根据程序升温还原反应的实验曲线所满足的边界条件,构造了D-M分布函数,借以描述峰高与温度之间的定量关系.经理论推导发现,在计算固体氧化物还原反应动力学参数时,D-M分布函数可在易获取实验数据的前提下,合理地进行还原反应进程α的求值,并能化简线性升温条件下的微分方程.文中结合实例,对建立D-M分布函数及其计算还原反应动力学参数方面的应用做了进一步的阐述.     

A位置换对LnMnO_3体系氧的吸附-脱附特性影响的研究

采用醋酸盐共沉淀法合成了Ln_(1-x)Sr_xMnO_3(Ln=La,Pr,Nd,Sm,Gd;x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0)系列共26个试样,对其中17个试样通过X射线衍射(XRD)的测定证实均为钙钛矿型复合氧化物(ABO_3)结构。同时用氧的程度升温脱附(TPD)装置测定了全部试样氧的吸附—脱附特性,结果表明:Ln_(1-x)Sr_xMnO_3系列试样氧的吸附-脱附特性与La_(-x)Sr_xMnO_3相似,它们均属于阳离子空位型复合氧化物,具有与其相似的变化特点。     

Study on the enzymatic activity of Caspase-3 in response to alginic acid decomposing bacteria in Laminaria japonica Aresch.（Phaeophyta）

Caspase-3 is the major factor in apoptosis triggered by various stimuli, and plays a critical role during the apoptosis process. By using CaspGLOWTM fluorescein active caspase-3 staining method, caspase-3 enzymatic activities were detected in response to alginic acid bacteria in Laminaria japonica sporophytic tissues. Results showed that caspase-3 enzymatic activities were observed at 5 min after the infection. Caspase-3 enzymatic activity increased with the infection time, and had a tendency of moving from the infection site to outside. By applying caspase-specific peptide inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK, caspase-3 activation could be effectively abolished in the infected tissues. Our results indicate that programmed cell death (PCD) may be involved in the infected Laminaria japonica sporophytic tissues, and provide the evidence that defense mechanisms in algae may have similar caspase cascade events in animals.     

用于煤自然发火期预测的神经网络模型和实验技术

根据煤的硫分、灰分以及煤自燃过程中的耗氧速率、CO和CO2产生率等随温度变化的序列值与煤自然发火期之间存在的密切对应关系，建立了前向多层人工神经网络模型，用已有的煤自然发火实验数据对网络进行训练，得到了神经元间的联结强度，从而准确地表征这种对应关系．设计了一套油浴程序升温实验装置，确定了实验试管的尺寸和实验条件，从而能够准确测定煤自燃在不同温度下的耗氧速率及气体产生率．将煤样油浴程序升温实验数据及煤质分析数据代入人工神经网络，可算出煤的自然发火期．与煤自然发火实验相比，该方法测定煤样的自然发火期用煤量减少了99％以上，实验耗时缩短了90％以上，二者测试结果的偏差小于3d．