器官发育及细胞程序化死亡的基因调节研究

用线虫实验模型系统研究调节器官发育及细胞程序化死亡的基因，且发现这种基因在人体中也存在，这一成果获得了2002年诺贝尔生理学医学奖。“程序性细胞死亡”机理的发现为艾滋病、肿瘤和癌症等疾病的治疗提供了寻找新方法的可能，将在人类战胜疾病过程中发挥重要作用。     

最小二乘法在普通物理实验中的应用

用最小二乘法来处理普通物理实验数据和拟合曲线,此项工作涉及到大量的计算,若以手工计算会更加烦琐,但如果借助计算机编程计算,则处理的速度就会大大地加快,使得问题简单化.     

程序教学法在高校排球选项课教学中的应用

将程序教学的基本原理与方法引入高校排球选项课教学之中,旨在更好地完成现代体育教学形式下排球选项课所提出的教学任务与目标,从而不断提高排球选项课的教学质量.     

TPD法对PVC热氧效应的研究

本文采用程序升温脱附法对PVC样品进行了表面氧化性能的研究,结果表明:不同平均分子量的样品其分解温度各不相同,且均存在HC1加速脱出的动力学特征。当在不同温度下进行表面氧化后,平均分子量较低的样品其分解温度提前幅度较大。以丙酮做为探针分子在PVC表面吸附,并结合表面氧化数据,计算了不同平均分子量样品的表面双键含量。通过定量分析脉冲氧化数据,得到了PVC的表面氧化动力学参数,建立了相应的速率方程,并发现:不同PVC样品的表面氧化反应活化能与其表面双键含量及平均分子量有着密切联系。     

镍沉积对催化剂表面性质及裂化性能的影响

采用程序升温脱附(TPD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等方法,在柴油的裂化反应中,进行了镍沉积对分子筛催化剂的表面性质及催化裂化性能的研究。结果表明,在与工业操作相对应的水蒸汽作用条件下,随着分子筛催化剂上金属镍量的增加,催化剂的结构和性质将发生不同程度的影响,导致催化剂的裂化活性下降,脱氢生焦量增多;水蒸汽处理温度的升高,金属镍分散度降低,将部分地抑制和消除镍的脱氢生焦倾向。     

四种负载型Pt／Al2O3重整催化剂性能和表征的研究

以四种不同来源的Ａｌ２Ｏ３为载体，采用相同浓度的Ｈ２ＰｔＣｌ６·６Ｈ２Ｏ水溶液浸渍方法制取了四种Ｐｔ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂。同时使用程序升温还原技术，程序升温脱附技术以及微型脉冲催化色谱技术对其催化剂性能进行表征。实验结果表明，四种催化剂的ＴＰＲ谱，Ｈ２－ＴＰＤ谱以及正己烷脱氢环化活性和选择性是有差别的。     

Programmed cell death during terminal bud senescence in a sympodial branching tree, Eucommia ulmoides

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. is a typical sympodial branching tree. The apical bud of the branch ages and dies every year, replaced by the nearby axillary bud in the second year. Structural assays and a series of biochemical analyses were performed to analyze the senescence mechanism in the apical bud. It was revealed that most cells of the apical bud underwent the programmed cell death (PCD) during the senescence: the chromosomes were congregated and the nuclear contents were condensed, as shown by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorescence. DNA fragmentation was detected during senescence using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end in situ labeling (TUNEL) method, coincident with the appearance of a DNA ladder. Moreover, a 20 kD DNase related to fragmentation was found. PCD was initiated first in the young leaves, leaf primordia and peripheral zone cells, then in the central mother cells and initial layer cells in the apical meristem. The terminal buds remain in vegetative growth during senescence, in contrast to buds of many annual plants.     

基于软件无线电的船舶通信设备功能的综合

针对当前船舶配备的通信设备种类较多且驾驶舱操作台有限的状况，提出了基于软件无线电的船舶通信设备功能的综合。     

以二甲醚为还原剂的氮氧化物存储还原试验研究

试验研究了以Pt/Co-BaO/γ^- Al₂O₃为催化剂、二甲醚（DME）为还原剂的NOx储存还原（NSR）性能,以及还原时间和温度对NSR的影响规律,并通过程序升温脱附和程序升温表面反应分析了DME对其存储NOx热稳定性的影响.结果表明,在等温DME-NSR循环过程中,NOx的转化效率保持在60%~70%以上;DME能够促进催化剂中硝酸盐的分解和NOx的脱附,并还原NOx.     

EGF-induced programmed cell death of human mammary carcinoma MDA-MB-468 cells is preceded by activation of AP-1

MDA-MB-468 is a human mammary adenocarcinoma cell line that overexpresses the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and undergoes programmed cell death (apoptosis) in response to EGF treatment. Programmed cell death was shown to be greatly enhanced when cells were growth-arrested prior to EGF treatment. Apoptosis was characterized by an initial rounding up and detachment of the cells from their substrate starting about 12 h after EGF treatment, followed by chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation and oligonucleosomal fragmentation of the DNA at about 24 to 48 h. Cell death was dependent on de novo protein synthesis. We found a rapid induction of c-fos, c-jun and junB at the mRNA level after about 30 min of EGF treatment and a more delayed upregulation of fosB and fra-1. The junD gene was expressed in the absence of EGF, and it was moderately induced within 30 min of growth factor addition. The increase of the different fos and jun mRNAs were paralleled by an increase of activator protein-1 (AP-1) DNA binding activity. A characterization of the AP-1 complex revealed similar levels of several Fos and Jun proteins. Based on the kinetics of AP-1 accumulation and cell death, it seems likely that AP-1 contributes to the apoptotic cell death of EGF receptor-overexpressing MDA-MB-468 cells. Received 21 July 1997; received after revision 6 November 1997; accepted 6 November 1997