Dissection of the pheromone-modulated flight of moths using single-pulse response as a template

The upwind flight of male moths to conspecific females is mediated by the chemical and structural characteristics of a pheromone plume. We describe the reaction of maleCadra cautella, the almond moth, to the interception of single pulses of sex pheromone, the smallest structural units of odour plumes. Following loss of a pheromone plume, males cast, that is fly a crosswind course without progressing upwind. The response of casting males to interception of a pulse of 0.25 s duration was, after a delay of 0.21±0.07 s, to turn and briefly fly straighter upwind, resulting in average net upwind displacements of 18 cm in a 50 cm s^–1 wind. Upwind progress in the single-pulse response was the result of steering more upwind and an increase in airspeed, although average ground speed remained unchanged. During the last third of the surge, males turned crosswind, returning to casting flight. These behavioural reactions to pheromone contact and loss support the phasic-tonic model of odour-modulated flight, in which an underlying tonic counterturning rhythm, expressed upon pheromone loss, is briefly overridden by phasic upwind surges, expressed upon interception of the pheromone filament. The surge portion of the cast-surge-cast response was diminished and more crosswind if individual pulses were shorter (0.02 s), probably due to sub-optimal contact with pheromone. The cast-surge-cast response to interception of a single 0.25 s pulse was used as a template to interpret the form of flight tracks in plumes of known structure. The template matched portions of flight tracks of males flying in plumes of low pheromone pulse frequency, thus reflecting the male's pattern of pulse encounter. In plumes ensuring a high frequency of pulse interception, only the upwind surge portion of the template was expressed, resulting in nearly straight upwind flight tracks. Similar nearly straight upwind flight tracks occurred in flights along plumes of low pulse frequency with large volume. Thus flight tracks of maleC. cautella to point sources of pheromone depend on both the frequency and the size of filaments encountered.     

绍兴市房地产经纪业现状透视及对策

对绍兴市房地产经纪业所存在的问题做了初步分析,指出当前影响房地产经纪业进一步发展的问题主要是经纪机构数量大、资质低,从业人员专业知识水平低下,部分房地产经纪机构自律能力不强.基于此,对加强和规范房地产经纪业的管理、促进绍兴市房地产经纪业规范化发展提出了若干条建设性意见.     

浅谈汽车维修专业技能型人才的培养

文章阐述了现代汽车技术的发展和维修市场对人才的需求，论述汽车维修专业应如何适应企业和市场的需求，培养出合格的技能型人才。     

高职学生思想政治教育和管理工作的新途径

在高职院校的学生中选拔优秀干部担任辅导员助理，是做好新时期大学生思想教育和管理工作的有效途径。努力探索和实施这一做法，强化教育管理工作形成新的工作途径，取得实际工作成效，均具有重要的意义。     

影响木材火焰传播速度特征量的实验研究

木材着火时火焰的传播规律将为木材在火灾场景中的行为提供重要参考,分析了木材燃烧的机理和影响木材燃烧时火焰传播速度的特征量,借助于实验的方法,研究了空间方位角和几何尺寸等特征量对火焰传播速度的影响.结果表明,方位角越小,不同尺寸木条火焰传播速度差别越大;火焰传播速度随方位角的增大而增大;木条宽度越大,火焰传播速度越慢.     

浅谈高职学生体育课兴趣的培养

兴趣是积极认识某种事物或从事某种活动的心理倾向，培养高职学生对体育课的兴趣是高等职业院校实施学生全面发展的关键．重视体育教学地位和作用、制定科学的教学计划、转变教学观念、改革教学方法、提高体育课对学生的吸引力是培养学生对体育课兴趣的有效途径．     

河南省某金矿床地质特征及找矿方向研究

某金矿床赋存于太华群龙潭沟组地层中，金矿床严格受断裂构造控制．通过对此金矿床地质特征的研究，系统总结了该矿床的控矿因素和找矿标志，并指明了矿区今后的找矿方向．     

关于完善会计专业判断的思考

专业判断是会计固有的职责,具有不可替创向应是培养会计人员的判断能力,使其熟练掌握会计专业判断的原则和方法,并通过构筑和完善专业判断的支撑环境,实现专业判断的合理化,加快国际化进程.     

论新建本科院校应用型人才培养目标定位

新建本科院校能否健康持续发展,保证人才培养质量,首要的是能否科学定位人才培养目标.应用型人才是人才的一种类型,有技术有技能的应用型人才是我国经济发展中非常关键的因素,发展应用型本科教育大有可为.新建本科院校科学定位人才培养目标,要着眼于多样化的人才需求,着眼于办学实际和生源实际,坚持发展性、全面性的基本定位原则.     

"语义差异"与文化取象

在英语中存在着一些语义偏见的现象。本文从社会语用的角度出发，对性别、种族、阶级、地域、职业等几个方面存在的语义偏见、语言歧视进行了分析；阐述了它们与文化的内在联系；并指出了解语义偏见与文化取象之间关系的意义。