同城即时配送问题基于多预测场景的在线调度

同城即时配送是随现代电子商务而产生的新问题,该问题呈现出极强的动态性与求解时间的紧迫性,并具有商户与顾客一对多的关系、车辆需要多次往返商户取货、货物取送有时效要求等诸多新特征,无法依赖现有研究而求解.针对这一问题,建立了基于多预测场景的在线优化调度方法,将带有预测订单的多个场景整合到路线规划过程,通过每个场景的方案计算,以及多场景方案的整合,得到了车辆赖以运行的集成方案,提高了调度方案面对未来不确定需求的适应性;所建立的调度系统在新订单进入时立即响应,在系统闲置时则采用大邻域搜索技术不断优化未完成的任务方案.最后,在具有200～300个日订单的大连市某同城即时配送公司的真实数据上,验证了在线调度方法的有效性和可行性.     

银行卡网络价格结构与刷卡消费组合决策模型

针对银行卡网络价格结构与刷卡消费之间复杂的关联问题,引入双边市场理论和组合决策思想,以实现银行卡网络整体发展为目标,基于Wright等设计的银行卡网络交换费优化模型,建立了银行卡网络价格结构与刷卡消费组合决策模型.通过加入扰动因子、采用双适应值比较和保留边界不可行解改进了粒子群算法,解决了模型的求解难题,为合理制定银行卡网络价格结构提供了一种新方法,同时拓宽了双边市场理论的应用领域,在电子支付管理领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

基于跳跃滤波和时变参数估计的中国股市微观结构研究

为了更为有效地探究微观市场结构对股票价格的影响,本文在状态空间模型框架下,同时将交易方向、带方向的交易量、交易间隔、微观噪声以及跳跃因素引入状态方程和观测方程中,建立全面的市场微观结构模型,以反映各变量对交易价格序列产生的暂时性和永久性影响.然后,在采用基于粒子滤波的非参数离群点检测方法检测跳跃并对跳跃进行滤波的基础上,运用贝叶斯最小二乘方法对微观结构模型系数、波动率以及状态变量进行实时更新和估计,在此基础上分析跳跃日度分布、日内分布、个股跳跃和共同跳跃特征,并同时判断不同交易方向、交易量的订单对价格产生的影响.最后选取2015年股灾期间、沪市股票的逐笔数据作为研究样本进行实证研究.实证结果显示:我国股票高频时间序列跳跃和共同跳跃均存在日内季节性,且跳跃频率和大小与市场信息密切相关;买卖订单对交易价格及股票价值的影响并不是完全对称的,交易价格对于微观结构的敏感度、微观结构噪声也随市场波动而发生变化,熊市中都相对更高;考虑跳跃滤波并对参数进行实时估计可以提高价格对于交易的敏感度,能更好地捕捉市场微观结构在价格发现中的作用.     

技术和价格不确定下企业研发投资决策研究

随着科学技术的迅速发展,研发(RD)活动对企业的生存与发展日益重要.本文将企业研发投资项目所承受的风险分为两种:研发前期不可对冲的技术风险,以及研发产品投入市场时因价格和需求的不确定性所承受的价格风险,而后者是可以部分对冲的.本文考虑一个以创新研发投资为主的企业,如何进行相应的投资消费问题.通过建立效用最大化模型,运用随机最优控制理论与方法得到关于指数效用函数的最优策略,同时阐述了研发投资价值及其投资/中止阈值.数值结果表明:较大的技术风险,会产生更大的信息生成价值,使得研发的总价值不减反增;风险厌恶态度对企业的研发价值以及研发/中止阈值都有较明显的影响;因研发信息生成价值的存在,使得研发/中止阈值不同于传统净现值(NPV)降为零的阈值.     

基于网络关注度的大宗商品市场预测研究

随着大宗商品市场化的加快和电子信息技术的快速发展,以互联网为载体的网络信息将方便快捷地传递到市场及市场参与者.本文从海量开源数据出发,利用搜索引擎平台,提取核心信息构建网络关注度指标,并提出了基于网络关注度的大宗商品价格预测模型.通过引入具有不同核函数的支持向量回归模型,分别建立了针对单个市场(原油、铜以及玉米)的网络关注度预测模型和综合考虑市场间联动性的多市场网络关注度预测模型.实证结果表明,网络关注度对于市场价格的变动有显著的格兰杰因果关系,引入网络关注度指标和相关市场信息能显著提高预测精度.     

A Comparison of the Forecasting Ability of Immediate Price Impact Models

As a consequence of recent technological advances and the proliferation of algorithmic and high‐frequency trading, the cost of trading in financial markets has irrevocably changed. One important change, known as price impact, relates to how trading affects prices. Price impact represents the largest cost associated with trading. Forecasting price impact is very important as it can provide estimates of trading profits after costs and also suggest optimal execution strategies. Although several models have recently been developed which may forecast the immediate price impact of individual trades, limited work has been done to compare their relative performance. We provide a comprehensive performance evaluation of these models and test for statistically significant outperformance amongst candidate models using out‐of‐sample forecasts. We find that normalizing price impact by its average value significantly enhances the performance of traditional non‐normalized models as the normalization factor captures some of the dynamics of price impact. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

闭环回收供应链中牛鞭效应量化分析

环保和资源的问题关系到整个社会和环境,现代制造越来越注重资源的可持续化应用。将牛鞭效应的量化与控制引入闭环供应链的研究中,有效测量了有回收的供应链中的牛鞭效应。结合传统制造业的制造及分销渠道,运用运筹学及数学理论建立了一个由生产者、销售者及回收渠道组成的供应链模型,并进行数值实验计算和分析。结果表明:牛鞭效应仍存在于具有回收途径的供应链中,减少回收产品直接销售并重新加工能够降低整体供应链的牛鞭效应。     

A Time‐Simultaneous Prediction Box for a Multivariate Time Series

A sample‐based method in Kolsrud (Journal of Forecasting 2007; 26 (3): 171–188) for the construction of a time‐simultaneous prediction band for a univariate time series is extended to produce a variable‐ and time‐simultaneous prediction box for a multivariate time series. A measure of distance based on the L_∞ ‐norm is applied to a learning sample of multivariate time trajectories, which can be mean‐ and/or variance‐nonstationary. Based on the ranking of distances to the centre of the sample, a subsample of the most central multivariate trajectories is selected. A prediction box is constructed by circumscribing the subsample with a hyperrectangle. The fraction of central trajectories selected into the subsample can be calibrated by bootstrap such that the expected coverage of the box equals a prescribed nominal level. The method is related to the concept of data depth, and thence modified to increase coverage. Applications to simulated and empirical data illustrate the method, which is also compared to several other methods in the literature adapted to the multivariate setting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Backward‐in‐Time Selection of the Order of Dynamic Regression Prediction Model

We investigate the optimal structure of dynamic regression models used in multivariate time series prediction and propose a scheme to form the lagged variable structure called Backward‐in‐Time Selection (BTS), which takes into account feedback and multicollinearity, often present in multivariate time series. We compare BTS to other known methods, also in conjunction with regularization techniques used for the estimation of model parameters, namely principal components, partial least squares and ridge regression estimation. The predictive efficiency of the different models is assessed by means of Monte Carlo simulations for different settings of feedback and multicollinearity. The results show that BTS has consistently good prediction performance, while other popular methods have varying and often inferior performance. The prediction performance of BTS was also found the best when tested on human electroencephalograms of an epileptic seizure, and for the prediction of returns of indices of world financial markets.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic Latent Class Model Averaging for Online Prediction

We consider the problem of online prediction when it is uncertain what the best prediction model to use is. We develop a method called dynamic latent class model averaging, which combines a state‐space model for the parameters of each of the candidate models of the system with a Markov chain model for the best model. We propose a polychotomous regression model for the transition weights to assume that the probability of a change in time depends on the past through the values of the most recent time periods and spatial correlation among the regions. The evolution of the parameters in each submodel is defined by exponential forgetting. This structure allows the ‘correct’ model to vary over both time and regions. In contrast to existing methods, the proposed model naturally incorporates clustering and prediction analysis in a single unified framework. We develop an efficient Gibbs algorithm for computation, and we demonstrate the value of our framework on simulated experiments and on a real‐world problem: forecasting IBM's corporate revenue. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.