等径弯曲通道变形制备超细晶铝合金的组织性能

用等径弯曲通道变形(ECAP)的方法制备出超细晶铝合金材料,并研究了在不同道次条件下其显微组织的演化过程.研究表明,随着强烈塑性变形的增加,显微组织中开始形成大量晶粒尺寸小于1μm的位错胞组织,当其晶界取向差增大时,亚晶粒变为越来越细的板条状组织.当经过8道次ECAP变形后,晶粒尺寸由变形前的约50μm细化为约0.2μm.该超细晶铝合金材料在150℃的退火条件下,其晶粒尺寸稳定在0.2～0.3μm的范围内.在温度为500℃、应变速率为10-3s-1的拉伸实验中,该超细晶铝合金材料的最大延伸率高达370%,呈现出良好的超塑性.     

螺旋装煤机式水平煤仓输出煤量的影响因素分析

在螺旋装煤机式水平煤仓模型实验台上，通过正交实验，确定牵引速度υq，滚筒转速n，煤的断面形状S三因素对煤仓输出煤量的影响程度和三者之间的最佳匹配关系。     

纳米Ni-Al2O3金属陶瓷粉末热压致密化过程

采用粒径小于100 nm,金属Ni包覆Al2O3得到的纳米Ni-Al2O3化学包覆粉为原料,将Ni含量不同的几种纳米Ni-Al2O3(粒径约为38 nm)金属陶瓷复合粉末首先采取模压成形方式压制成直径为30 mm的圆片,然后放在石墨模具中在热压机上进行热压,研究热压(HP)温度和Ni含量对致密化过程的影响.研究结果表明:当Ni含量为20%和热压温度为1 400℃时,制品密度和显微硬度最高;在1 400℃热压2 h,Al2O3-Ni2O烧结体的相对密度最高,达到99.6%,Al2O3-Ni5的显微硬度HV达到1 690.9kg/mm2;随着Ni含量的增加,制品硬度降低,当Ni含量超过20%时,硬度降低非常显著,Ni含量为50%时HV降至1 316.7 kg/mm2;烧结体中Ni颗粒均匀分布在基体中,且大部分位于三角晶界处,有效地阻止了Al2O3基体晶粒的长大.     

基于SVM和EMD 包络谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的调制特征和传统包络分析法的缺陷以及现实中难以获得大量典型故障样本的实际情况,提出了一种基于支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,简称SVM)和经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,简称EMD)包络谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.该方法首先对原始信号进行经验模态分解,将其分解为多个固有模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,简称IMF)之和,然后求出包含主要故障信息的若干个IMF分量的包络谱,最后定义包络谱中各种故障特征频率处的幅值比为特征幅值比,将其作为故障特征向量,并以此作为SVM分类器的输入参数来区分滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类型.实验分析结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

基于空间螺旋理论的行星滚柱丝杠副自由度计算与分析

基于空间螺旋理论开展行星滚柱丝杠副(PRS,planetary roller screw)机构学分析,综合考虑PRS作为空间螺旋机构的运动特点,建立了PRS机构运动简图。通过修正的G-K公式计算PRS的自由度,从理论上分析系统各构件对机构自由度的影响。通过开展不同数量构件条件下的机构自由度计算分析,对比了单滚柱、单挡圈条件下机构自由度,得出了增加滚柱与挡圈的数量对于机构自由度的运动特性的影响。理论计算结果在一定程度上揭示了PRS运动学原理。     

Driving Mechanism of Cotton Comber's Detaching Roller Based on Time-Sharing Unidirectional Drive

The high-speed reciprocating motion of a detaching roller limits the velocity of a cotton comber and affects the quality of comber slivers. The article has proposed a controllable time-sharing unidirectional hybrid drive mechanism after analyzing detaching roller＇s current numerical control drive method. The analysis focuses on the detaching roller motion required according to cotton comber＇s velocity and process. The double-servo motors of the mechanism consists of differential gear trains. The mechanism addresses the problem of increased servo motor power,and failure of promptly responded to the positive inversion process of mechanism driven by servo motors. A velocity calculation model of the detaching roller controllable drive mechanism will be generated by using superposition method and design of differential gear trains. The accuracy of the model will be verified using the test platform. This study has presented a reliable and practical high-speed drive mechanism and can be a reference to future studies on high-speed reciprocating motion drive.     

Microstructure and properties of in-situ synthesized Cu-1 wt%TiC alloy followed by ECAP and post-annealing

A dispersion-strengthened copper alloy with 1 wt% TiC for commercial electrical-contact wires was prepared by in-situ reaction casting, grain-ultrafining by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and subsequent annealing with aim to obtain excellent comprehensive performance. The results showed that fine TiC particles were in-situ synthesized in the as-cast Cu matrix and aggregated in clusters, and thus mechanical properties of the as-cast alloy deemed insufficient. Continued ECAP at 473 K significantly refined the grains of the as-cast alloy and improved the distribution of TiC particles. Due to multiple strengthening mechanisms, the ECAP-processed alloys maintained good conductivity with obviously enhanced tensile strength and hardness values. After post-ECAP annealing, the elongation and conductivity of the fine-grained copper alloy increased with the adequate tensile strength. The novel combined process endows the alloy appropriate performance to serve current high-frequency electrification railway systems.     

浅谈影响托辊性能的要素

对托辊的径向圆跳动、轴向窜动、旋转阻力三大性能影响的因素并不是独立存在,而是互相关联、互相牵制的。在加工中影响了一个性能,另外的性能也肯定受到影响。另外,衡量托辊质量的优劣还有跌落实验、轴向载荷实验、防水防尘实验、淋水浸水实验。     

滚动轴承油气润滑性能的试验研究

为了研究不同工况下油气润滑所需的最佳供油量,研制了一台能够对油气润滑滚动轴承温度场进行测量的试验台。通过对比试验研究发现:与传统的连续供油润滑方式相比,油气润滑具有较低的温升;试验研究了油气润滑过程中供油量对润滑效果的影响,发现不同的工况条件对应不同的最佳供油量,以该供油量进行润滑可使滚动轴承的温升最低;通过理论分析,提出了用于描述滚动轴承工况的参数s,并通过大量的试验研究,得到了工况参数s与最佳供油量之间的四次多项式插值曲线,建立了能够对油气润滑最佳供油量进行预测的数学模型,为工程实际应用中最佳供油量的确定提供了重要的理论依据。     

热压烧结ZrB2／B4C陶瓷材料的组织与性能

以B4C、C、ZrO2为主要原料,采用反应热压法制备ZrB2／B4C陶瓷材料。通过对ZrB2／B4C陶瓷材料的显微组织及力学性能的综合分析,发现第二相ZrB2含量为20wt％时,材料具有较好的综合力学性能,相对密度为99．3％,维氏硬度为36．1GPa,抗弯强度为533．3MPa,断裂韧性为6．95MPa·m^1/2,比纯B4C陶瓷材料的性能均有所提高。材料为穿晶和沿晶断裂的混合断裂模式。