Enzymatic processing of pheromones and pheromone analogs

Summary Pheromone perception requires rapid enzymatic degradation of the active chemical signal in the sensory hairs. Three insects are used to illustrate chemical approaches to studying the degradation of pheromones by antennal enzymes. First, hydrolysis of acetate and haloacetate esters is examined in the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella. Second, aldehyde oxidation and the selective inhibition of the oxidase and dehydrogenase activities are described for the tobacco budworm moth,Heliothis virescens. Finally, a stereochemical analysis of the epoxide-hydrase catalyzed addition of a water molecule to the oxirane ring of disparlure is described for the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar.     

Effects of Micronutrient Niacin on Treatment Efficiency of Textile Wastewater

0 IntroductionMioclroogincuatlri pernotsce pslsaeys afo vrer wyais tmepwoarttaernt t rroelaetmine nbti- .A widerange of micronutrientsis required byactiva-ted sludge[1-5]. Adequate trace nutrient concentra-tions ,including metal ions and vitamins , are re-quiredtosupport all the genera presentinthe activa-ted sludgetreatment systemfor a diverse communityto survive. The lack of specific nutrients may resultin an unbalanced mixed culture,leading to poor-quality effluent , reduced treatment effic…     

Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism as maternal risk factors for Down syndrome in China

Objective： To explore the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase （MTHFR）, methionine synthase reductase （MTRR）, the central enzymes in folate metabolism that affects DNA methylation and synthesis, and the risk of Down syndrome in China. Methods： Genomic DNA was isolated from the peripheral lymphocytes of 64 mothers of children with Down syndrome and 70 age matched control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism were used to examine the polymorphisms of MTHFR 677C→T, MTRR 66A→G and the relationship between these genotypes and the risk of Down syndrome was analyzed. Results： The results show that the MTHFR 677C→T polymorphism is more prevalent among mothers of children with Down syndrome than among control mothers, with an odds ratio of 3.78 （95% confidence interval （CI）, 1.78-8.47）. In addition, the homozygous MTRR 66A→G polymorphism was independently associated with a 5.2-fold increase in estimated risk （95% CI, 1.90-14.22）. The combined presence of both polymorphisms was associated with a greater risk of Down syndrome than the presence of either alone, with an odds ratio of 6.0 （95% CI, 2.058-17.496）. The two polymorphisms appear to act without a multiplicative interaction. Conclusion： MTHFR and MTRR gene mutation alleles are related to Down syndrome, and CT, TT and GG gene mutation types increase the risk of Down syndrome.     

Cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies to alcohol dehydrogenases

Summary Three anti-horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH) monoclonal antibodies are described. Two are specific for ADH and cross-react with class I and II enzymes from mouse, horse and Chinese hamster. They are specific for the native enzyme but do not inhibit enzyme activity except when combined at high concentration. The third antibody was isolated as a response to rabbit metallothionein. It binds metalloproteins and inhibits ADH activity.     

普通小麦T型与V型不育系花粉发育过程中苹果酸脱氢酶的变异

对不同发育时期花药的苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)同工酶的研究表明:线粒体MDH(m-MDH)同工酶谱型是保守的,即只有量上的变化,质的差异不明显;不同类型不育系植株的胞浆MDH(s-MDH)同工酶表现不同:T型植株在花粉发育的整个时期s-MDH都存在,而V型植株在花粉发育的二胞期才出现s-MDH;此两不育类型植株从未出现微体MDH(g-MDH)。     

冷活性琥珀酸脱氢酶的特性

用常规酶学方法从嗜冷酵母(Y18)中分离纯化有催化活性的琥珀酸脱氢酶(succinate dehydrogenase, SDH).该酶的最适反应温度为20℃,0℃仍然保持酶活性的20%,40℃处理30min酶活性损失90.4%,不同温度处理后酶在280nm的紫外吸收明显改变,随温度升高在280nm紫外吸收值增大.这些结果表明所分离到的SDH是对温度敏感的冷活性酶.纯化的SDH经PAGE电泳分析显示单一条带,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)测出相对分子质量为60×103和32×103的2条带,分别为黄素蛋白(flavoprotein, FP)大亚基和铁蛋白(iron-protein, IP)小亚基.通过对FP的1491个碱基的DNA序列分析表明(酿酒酵母FP基因全序列由1923个碱基组成),菌株Y18与酿酒酵母具有很高的DNA序列同源性;Y18与酿酒酵母FP一级结构包括酶的活性中心基本一致,但Y18的FP中3个位置的氨基酸变为R基较小的氨基酸,并有3个位置的氨基酸被在β-转角处出现频率较高的氨基酸所取代(丝氨酸、天冬氨酸和苏氨酸).这些结构特性可能使Y18 SDH的空间结构更具柔韧性(flexibility),有利于在低温条件下发挥催化功能.     

固定化乳酸脱氢酶的催化性质研究

研究了固定化乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的制备和催化性质,讨论了戊二醛体积分数、酶的偶联时间、pH值对酶固定化的影响.对游离酶和固定化酶催化性质的研究结果表明:酶促反应最适pH分别为9.2和10.2,最适温度分别为51℃和50℃,米氏常数分别为16.2 mmol/L和0.7 mmol/L.与游离酶相比,固定化酶的活力稳定性更佳,有更好的贮存稳定性和复用性.     

Y-152和K-156在果蝇ADH催化中的作用

果蝇醇脱氢酶酪氨酸－１５２（Ｙ－１５２）和赖氨酸－１５６（Ｋ－１５６）处于同类脱氢酶的保守位点。经人工定点突变和酶动力学分析,前者的苯丙氨酸（Ｙ１５２Ｆ）、组氨酸（Ｙ１５２Ｈ）和谷氨酸突变体（Ｙ１５２Ｅ）及后者的异亮氨酸突变体（Ｋ１５６Ｉ）均丧失催化活性。而半胱氨酸－１５２（Ｙ１５２Ｃ）及精氨酸－１５６（Ｋ１５６Ｒ）突变体活性分别是对应野生型的０．２５％和２．２％。此外,Ｙ１５２Ｃ和Ｋ１５６Ｒ的Ｋ     

盘基网柄菌(Dictyostelium discoideum)KAX-3和AK127细胞形态发生和同工酶的比较研究

比较了盘基网柄菌(Dictyostelium discoideum)野生型细胞KAx-3和突变型细胞AK127在多细胞发育过程中的形态发生.两者有明显的区别;突变细胞的发育只能停留在细胞疏松聚集阶段,而野生型细胞能顺利完成整个发育过程.利用SDS-PAGE电泳比较分析了两者在重要发育阶段的三种同工酶:醋酶(EST)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)和谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH).结果发现AK127细胞发育阶段含有两种醋酶成分a和p,而KAX-3细胞中只有一种醋酶a;而且AK127细胞中苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)含量在发育后14 h和16 h均高于KAX-3细胞;谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)同工酶在发育后14 h时相对含量高于KAX-3细胞,而在发育后16 h含量却低于KAX-3细胞.这些数据显示了两种类型细胞的同工酶有明显的差异;表明突变细胞基因的表达发生了一定的改变,由此说明了gp150分子在盘基网柄菌细胞发育中有重要作用.     

生物酶对五氯联苯降解的初步研究

多氯联苯（PCBs）是具有代表性的持久性有机污染物（POPs）,其氯代数目越多,降解越难。本文以分离筛选的6株PCBs降解细菌为材料,制备了含有NADH辅酶再生系统关键酶甲酸脱氢酶（FDH）的PCBs降解复合酶,研究了其对PCBs的降解效果。结果表明,Pseudomonas sp. MGB11胞内酶/FDH复合酶对五氯联苯PCB114的降解率在10 h内可达69.4%,对于高毒性、难降解的高氯PCBs的污染修复具有应用价值。