组织内收入偏好分布与主体激励——模型构建和模拟

组织成员的收入偏好影响其工作积极性，并最终作用于组织绩效。以往的相关研究主要把组织成员看作独立的主体进行分析，忽略了其他相关主体的收入偏好可能具有的影响。在特定组织中，各成员的收入偏好存在差异，因而在组织层面上表现出一定的分布特征，可以用均值、标准差、偏度和峰度等参数进行描述。本文通过建立一个多主体模型来分析组织内成员收入偏好的分布是如何影响特定主体的努力水平，进而影响亚组织（部门、项目团队等）的绩效。研究表明，组织内成员收入偏好的均值和标准差对其努力水平的影响较为显著，说明组织在招聘过程中要注意控制潜在员工收入偏好水平的高低和离散程度。     

模糊偏好下群决策结构的研究

研究了群决策问题的模糊偏好关系 ,在模糊理性条件下证明了一个不可能定理 ,提出了影响集的概念 ,讨论了对群决策产生影响的影响集的结构 ,并给出了一个实例.     

MULTIPLE CRITERIA DECISION MAKING： DISCORDANT PREFERENCES AND PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

There are many practical decision problems where decision makers＇ preferences may be inconsistent and contradictory. In this paper, new methods for ordering and classifying multi-attribute objects by discordant collective preferences are suggested. These methods are based on the theory of multiset metric spaces. The proposed techniques are applied to ranking companies and a competitive selection of projects, which are estimated by several experts upon multiple qualitative criteria.     

模糊偏好下社会选择问题的研究

本文研究和探讨了社会选择中的模糊偏好，在一组模糊理性条件下证明了一个不可能性定理，并将其中的独裁者区分为一般、α－和完全三种，分析了这些独裁者与偏好传递性间的关系，在一特殊传递性下还找到了一个存在α－独裁者或完全独裁者的模糊集结规则．最后，给出了一个应用例子     

Patient participation in the clinical encounter and clinical practice guidelines: The case of patients’ participation in a GRADEd world

It is widely acknowledged that the patient's perspective should be considered when making decisions about how her care will be managed. Patient participation in the decision making process may play an important role in bringing to light and incorporating her perspective. The GRADE framework is touted as an evidence-based process for determining recommendations for clinical practice; i.e. determining how care ought to be managed. GRADE recommendations are categorized as “strong” or “weak” based on several factors, including the “values and preferences” of a “typical” patient. The strength of the recommendation also provides instruction to the clinician about when and how patients should participate in the clinical encounter, and thus whether an individual patient's values and preferences will be heard in her clinical encounter. That is, a “strong” recommendation encourages “paternalism” and a “weak” recommendation encourages shared decision making. We argue that adoption of the GRADE framework is problematic to patient participation and may result in care that is not respectful of the individual patient's values and preferences. We argue that the root of the problem is the conception of “values and preferences” in GRADE – the framework favours population thinking (e.g. “typical” patient “values and preferences”), despite the fact that “values and preferences” are individual in the sense that they are deeply personal. We also show that tying the strength of a recommendation to a model of decision making (paternalism or shared decision making) constrains patient participation and is not justified (theoretically and/or empirically) in the GRADE literature.     

凸特征的凹参数定义

从特征设计的角度看 ,机械加工的过程实际上是切除所有凹特征的过程 ,因此凹特征在工艺规程中与切削过程一致 ,而凸特征一般都要转换成相应的凹特征才能进行处理 ,这种转换往往比较繁琐 .本文在分析了凸特征分解法的优缺点后 ,提出了一种新的“凸特征凹参数定义”方法 ,对凸块、圆柱凸台和筋等典型的凸特征进行了详细的凹参数定义的讨论 ,并给出了我们在进行组合夹具自动设计中用到的凸特征的实例 ,进一步分析了此方法的特点和实用价值     

安徽皖籍高校大学生体育旅游行为空间分布趋势研究

本文利用ArcGIS9.2软件中的普通克里格插值创建预测图(Prediction Map),根据预测趋势图的结果分析安徽皖籍高校大学生体育旅游行为地理空间分布特征。分析得出皖籍大学生周末加暑假出游分布趋势图为由北边逐渐向南边递减,夏季出游分布趋势为中部向南北两边降低,选择火车作为交通工具分布趋势为东南边缘逐渐向北方递增,和同学朋友出游分布趋势为从东部向西部逐渐递增,通过同学朋友家人的推荐了解体育旅游分布趋势为由南方向西北方逐渐增高等。建议相关部门根据安徽皖籍大学生体育旅游行为地理分布的特点,进行项目开发以及体育旅游活动的组织。     

A hierarchical multiple criteria model for eliciting relative preferences in conflict situations

A multiple criteria decision analysis(MCDA) approach is designed for capturing the relative preference information of a decision maker involved in a conflict.More specifically,an MCDA approach based on the outranking method,ELECTRE III,is employed for ranking states or possible scenarios in the conflict from most to least preferred,where ties are allowed,for a decision maker according to his or her value system.To demonstrate how this preference elicitation methodology can be conveniently implemented in practice within the framework of the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution,it is applied to a real world water supply crisis which occurred in the town of North Battleford,located in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.     

基于政府不同补贴模式下的供应链碳减排策略与协调

考虑消费者低碳偏好和政府对制造商的不同碳减排补贴模式,构建了不同碳减排补贴模式下的供应链模型,根据协调条件给出了相应的契约形式及参数.通过对供应链模型的求解,得到了不同碳减排补贴模式下的最优碳减排率和最优订货量.数值分析结果表明：在两种不同补贴模式下,碳减排补贴比例的变化对供应链的最优碳减排率、订货量及期望利润的影响是有较大差异的,而且在碳减排补贴比例相同时,不同碳减排补贴模式下的供应链最优碳减排率、最优订货量、期望利润以及政府给予制造商的碳减排补贴费用也是完全不同的,进而可为政府碳减排补贴政策制定及供应链碳减排优化提供科学的决策依据.     

一类带有栖息地偏好的生态系统模型

为了研究栖息地偏好对物种之间竞争结果的影响,从生物入侵的角度,建立了带有栖息地偏好的模拟生态模型,通过模拟讨论了该模型的性质,并研究了一类新问题,得到某一类物种个体的固定概率与另外一类物种个体固定概率的比值与第一类物种对第一种植物的偏好、第二类物种对第二种植物的偏好、第一种植物占所有植物的比例,以及前两类物种总数的关系,并且推导出前两类物种的个体的后代占据整个种群的概率公式,进一步利用Moran过程讨论,给出相应的计算过程。得出结论:生态系统受栖息地偏好的影响,该结果对研究栖息地偏好在物种竞争中的作用有一定的参考价值和指导意义。