Dissection of the pheromone-modulated flight of moths using single-pulse response as a template

The upwind flight of male moths to conspecific females is mediated by the chemical and structural characteristics of a pheromone plume. We describe the reaction of maleCadra cautella, the almond moth, to the interception of single pulses of sex pheromone, the smallest structural units of odour plumes. Following loss of a pheromone plume, males cast, that is fly a crosswind course without progressing upwind. The response of casting males to interception of a pulse of 0.25 s duration was, after a delay of 0.21±0.07 s, to turn and briefly fly straighter upwind, resulting in average net upwind displacements of 18 cm in a 50 cm s^–1 wind. Upwind progress in the single-pulse response was the result of steering more upwind and an increase in airspeed, although average ground speed remained unchanged. During the last third of the surge, males turned crosswind, returning to casting flight. These behavioural reactions to pheromone contact and loss support the phasic-tonic model of odour-modulated flight, in which an underlying tonic counterturning rhythm, expressed upon pheromone loss, is briefly overridden by phasic upwind surges, expressed upon interception of the pheromone filament. The surge portion of the cast-surge-cast response was diminished and more crosswind if individual pulses were shorter (0.02 s), probably due to sub-optimal contact with pheromone. The cast-surge-cast response to interception of a single 0.25 s pulse was used as a template to interpret the form of flight tracks in plumes of known structure. The template matched portions of flight tracks of males flying in plumes of low pheromone pulse frequency, thus reflecting the male's pattern of pulse encounter. In plumes ensuring a high frequency of pulse interception, only the upwind surge portion of the template was expressed, resulting in nearly straight upwind flight tracks. Similar nearly straight upwind flight tracks occurred in flights along plumes of low pulse frequency with large volume. Thus flight tracks of maleC. cautella to point sources of pheromone depend on both the frequency and the size of filaments encountered.     

影响木材火焰传播速度特征量的实验研究

木材着火时火焰的传播规律将为木材在火灾场景中的行为提供重要参考,分析了木材燃烧的机理和影响木材燃烧时火焰传播速度的特征量,借助于实验的方法,研究了空间方位角和几何尺寸等特征量对火焰传播速度的影响.结果表明,方位角越小,不同尺寸木条火焰传播速度差别越大;火焰传播速度随方位角的增大而增大;木条宽度越大,火焰传播速度越慢.     

河南省某金矿床地质特征及找矿方向研究

某金矿床赋存于太华群龙潭沟组地层中，金矿床严格受断裂构造控制．通过对此金矿床地质特征的研究，系统总结了该矿床的控矿因素和找矿标志，并指明了矿区今后的找矿方向．     

论新建本科院校应用型人才培养目标定位

新建本科院校能否健康持续发展,保证人才培养质量,首要的是能否科学定位人才培养目标.应用型人才是人才的一种类型,有技术有技能的应用型人才是我国经济发展中非常关键的因素,发展应用型本科教育大有可为.新建本科院校科学定位人才培养目标,要着眼于多样化的人才需求,着眼于办学实际和生源实际,坚持发展性、全面性的基本定位原则.     

"语义差异"与文化取象

在英语中存在着一些语义偏见的现象。本文从社会语用的角度出发，对性别、种族、阶级、地域、职业等几个方面存在的语义偏见、语言歧视进行了分析；阐述了它们与文化的内在联系；并指出了解语义偏见与文化取象之间关系的意义。     

关于环形街道图 H_(n_1×n_2)∶n_1=3,n_2=6,8,10,12,14 的最优强连通定向

本文研究由城市环形街道所引起的强连通定向（单行道设计）图的问题，即研究由ｎ１条环形道和从中心向外辐射的ｎ２条路组成的城市街道图。将按直径最优的准则寻求最优强连通定向。本文解决了ｎ１＝３，ｎ２≡０（ｍｏｄ２），６≤ｎ２≤１４时的情形，得到了全部最优强连通定向。     

转基因鱼基因转移的基本方法及其研究进展

本文综述转基因鱼研究的进展，并介绍基因转移的基本方法和转基因鱼在鱼类育种方面的应用。同时，对转基因鱼研究中尚存在的问题及今后工作的方向作了说明。     

形变热处理对CuAlNiMnTi组织和性能的影响

借助金相显微镜、DSC、X射线衍射和透射电镜等实验手段,研究了CuAlNiMnTi合金经高温形变热处理后对组织与性能的影响.试验结果表明,随合金变形量的增加晶粒尺寸变小,相变点M_s下降;适当形变热处理可以提高记忆性能,这是形成择优取向排列的马氏体作用的结果.     

对高职院校师资队伍建设的几点思考

该文阐述了师资队伍建设是高职院校的立校之本;分析了目前高职院校面临师资缺乏、结构不合理、人才引进难、人才流失严重等困境;论述了要摆脱困境,在师资队伍建设方面的当务之急是要“抓内”,即抓内部师资的培养提高。     

中英学术文化之对比

桑德兰大学中国留学生和英国学生文化定位的主要特分别征集中表在中国学生的集体主义文化倾向和英国的个体主义文化倾向以及由此形成的不同的学术文化思维定式。论文展现了在学术领域的中西方“文化冲突”。