First-principles calculations of the β′-Mg<Subscript>7</Subscript>Gd precipitate in Mg-Gd binary alloys

The metastable β’ phase is often the most effective hardening precipitate in Mg-Gd based alloys.In this paper,the structural,elastic and electronic properties of the recently identified β’-Mg7Gd precipitate in Mg-Gd binary alloys were investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory.The lattice mismatches between the coherent β’-Mg7Gd precipitate and α-Mg matrix are discussed and used to rationalize the experimentally observed morphology of the precipitate.The mechanical properties were investigated through analysis of the single-crystal elastic constants and the polycrystalline elastic moduli.It is found that β’-Mg7Gd is brittle in nature.Strong covalent bonding in β’-Mg7Gd,as inferred from its electronic structure,further explains its mechanical properties.Our theoretical results show good agreement with experimental measurements.     

再结晶对沉淀粒子尺寸及其分布的影响

本文通过碳萃取复型样品的电镜观察,研究了再结晶对沉淀粒子尺寸及其分布的影响。当10MnNb钢在1073—1373K温度范围内热压缩后等温停留时,NbC沉淀粒子随等温时间延长而粗化。在未再结晶期间,粒子尺寸分布曲线呈单峰;在再结晶期间,粒子粗化速率加快,改变了原来的粒子尺寸分布,使尺寸分布曲线呈双峰。再结晶时形变基体、再结晶前沿界面和再结晶晶粒三个区域中的粒子粗化机制不同,其平均尺寸和尺寸分布也不同,它们的叠加使尺寸分布曲线呈双峰。     

树枝状沉淀相的形貌研究

在铁铝黄铜中,Fe_3Al 沉淀呈立方形、花瓣状和树枝状三种形貌.TEM(透射电镜)观察分析表明,这三种形貌反映了沉淀相在粗化过程中的三个阶段.由于基体β′相和沉淀相的晶体结构十分相似,两者的点阵常数又正好是一倍之差,Fe_3Al 初析出时和基体共格.粗化过程中,沉淀颗粒沿<111>晶向生长,这导致了共格的失配和形貌的转化.     

锻造工艺对易切削非调质钢析出行为的影响

利用GLEEBLE 1500热模拟试验机、电子显微镜以及化学萃取相分析等手段,较详细地研究了易切削非调质钢35MnVS的析出方式及锻造工艺对其析出行为的影响,并与35VS钢作了对比。结果表明:35VS与35MnVS钢中既有一般析出又有相间析出,析出相主要为V(C,N)和(Ti,V)(C,N)。对35MnVS钢来说,锻造温度较高及冷却速度较慢者,析出相的数量增多,外延生长较充分,尺寸变大。降低终锻温度及冷却速度,使钒的析出量增多,而对钛的析出则影响不大。     

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of an Fe–18Ni–16Cr–4Al base alloy during aging at 950℃

The development of Gen-IV nuclear systems and ultra-supercritical power plants proposes greater demands on structural materials used for key components. An Fe–18Ni–16Cr–4Al (316-base) alumina-forming austenitic steel was developed in our laboratory. Its microstructural evolution and mechanical properties during aging at 950℃ were investigated subsequently. Micro-structural changes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Needle-shaped NiAl particles begin to precipitate in austenite after ageing for 10 h, whereas round NiAl particles in ferrite are coarsened during aging. Precipitates of NiAl with different shapes in different matrices result from differences in lattice misfits. The tensile plasticity increases by 32.4% after aging because of the improvement in the percentage of coincidence site lattice grain boundaries, whereas the tensile strength remains relatively high at approximately 790 MPa.     

Mechanism of hot-rolling crack formation in lean duplex stainless steel 2101

The thermoplasticity of duplex stainless steel 2205 (DSS2205) is better than that of lean duplex steel 2101 (LDX2101), which undergoes severe cracking during hot rolling. The microstructure, microhardness, phase ratio, and recrystallization dependence of the deformation compatibility of LDX2101 and DSS2205 were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), Thermo-Calc software, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the phase-ratio transformations of LDX2101 and DSS2205 were almost equal under the condition of increasing solution temperature. Thus, the phase transformation was not the main cause for the hot plasticity difference of these two steels. The grain size of LDX2101 was substantially greater than that of DSS2205, and the microhardness difference of LDX2101 was larger than that of DSS2205. This difference hinders the transfer of strain from ferrite to austenite. In the rolling process, the ferrite grains of LDX2101 underwent continuous softening and were substantially refined. However, although little recrystallization occurred at the boundaries of austenite, serious deformation accumulated in the interior of austenite, leading to a substantial increase in hardness. The main cause of crack formation is the microhardness difference between ferrite and austenite.     

Effect of aging temperature on the microstructures and mechanical properties of ZG12Cr9Mo1Co1NiVNbNB ferritic heat-resistant steel

The effect of aging on the mechanical properties and microstructures of a new ZG12Cr9Mo1Co1NiVNbNB ferritic heat resistant steel was investigated in this work to satisfy the high steam parameters of the ultra-supercritical power plant. The results show that the main precipitates during aging are Fe(Cr, Mo)₂₃C₆, V(Nb)C, and (Fe₂Mo) Laves in the steel. The amounts of the precipitated phases increase during aging, and correspondingly, the morphologies of phases are similar to be round. Fe(Cr, Mo)₂₃C₆ appears along boundaries and grows with increasing temperature. In addition, it is revealed that the martensitic laths are coarsened and eventually happen to be polygonization. The hardness and strength decrease gradually, whereas the plasticity of the steel increases. What’s more, the hardness of this steel after creep is similar to that of other 9%–12%Cr ferritic steels. Thus, ZG12Cr9Mo1Co1NiVNbNB can be used in the project.     

乙硫氮对土壤中Cr~(3+)和Ni~(2+)的钝化性能

通过土柱淋滤试验考察了乙硫氮对土壤中Cr~(3+)和Ni~(2+)两种重金属离子的钝化性能.试验结果表明,乙硫氮对土壤中的Cr~(3+)和Ni~(2+)具有很好的钝化效果,而且乙硫氮对Cr~(3+)的钝化性能更为显著.随着乙硫氮用量的增加,重金属钝化率逐渐升高,在乙硫氮用量为110 g·kg-1时,Cr~(3+)和Ni~(2+)的钝化率均达到99%以上.淋滤液pH值对钝化效果有一定的影响,随着淋滤液pH值的降低,乙硫氮对Cr~(3+)和Ni~(2+)的钝化性能逐渐减弱,但钝化率仍较高,都在90%以上.Cr~(3+)的钝化率随淋滤液pH值的降低有小幅下降,但均在99.68%以上.XRD检测和配位化学分析结果表明,乙硫氮与Ni~(2+)和Cr~(3+)形成了配位数为4和6,分子式为Ni(DDTC)_2和Cr(DDTC)_3的四元环螯合物沉淀.同时,Cr(DDTC)_3的稳定性要远高于Ni(DDTC)_2,因此,乙硫氮对Cr~(3+)具有更好的钝化性能.