铌对中碳Si-Mn系弹簧钢珠光体相变行为的影响

采用热模拟实验方法研究了铌对Si--Mn系弹簧钢相变特征的影响,分析了NbC的形变诱导析出行为.结果表明:弹簧钢中添加微量铌,推迟了珠光体转变,马氏体转变的最小冷却速率由5℃.s-1变为3℃.s-1;细化了珠光体,改变了珠光体组织形貌,渗碳体片层变薄、形状变得不规则,出现弯曲、断续;含铌弹簧钢在850℃变形时发生了NbC的形变诱导析出,NbC的析出位置为珠光体中的铁素体片层内、珠光体球团边界和位错处,析出物颗粒直径为10～15nm,形状近似球形.     

金属离子在氧化物矿物/水界面的吸附及浮选活化机理

本文评述了金属离子活化石英等矿物的-羟基络合物假说.从溶液化学的角度,考察了氧化物矿物/水界面特性、金属离子在界面的吸附及其对ζ-电位和浮选的影响.研究表明:金属离子对氧化矿浮选的活化作用,不能简单地归因子金属离子-羟基络合物的生成,在很多情况下,金属氢氧化物表面沉淀的生成起着更重要的作用.表面沉淀的形成受界面区域金属离子的活度、界面pH值及界面溶度积的控制.金属离子在氧化矿表面的吸附及其对氧化矿ζ-电位和浮选的影响,与表面沉淀的生成条件,有相对应的关系.     

GH720Li合金长期时效过程中γ'相演变规律

研究GH720Li合金经标准热处理(1105℃,4 h→油冷﹢650℃,24 h→空冷﹢760℃,16 h→空冷)后分别在720℃时效0~5000 h和800℃时效0~1000 h后γ'强化相的演变规律. 合金在720℃,5000 h时效后一次γ'相的尺寸、形态以及数量基本不发生变化;在720℃,200 h时效后,二次γ'相发生明显粗化;500 h后出现不均匀长大. 相应地,500 h前硬度下降速率大, 500 h后趋于平稳. 在800℃,500 h时效后,一次γ'相发生粗化;800℃,100 h时效后,二次γ'相发生明显粗化且不均匀长大. 500 h前硬度下降斜率很大,500 h后硬度仍有明显下降趋势. 720℃及800℃时二次γ'相粗化行为是以扩散控制的粗化机制为主导. γ'相平均半径与时效时间满足立方根关系,符合L-S-W ( Lifshiz-Slyozov-Wanger)理论.     

薄板坯连铸连轧流程试制含钒钛取向硅钢中氮化物析出相

通过热力学计算与模拟试验研究了含钒钛取向硅钢中氮化物析出相的析出规律与析出行为,并探讨了含钒钛元素的氮化物析出相作为薄板坯连铸连轧流程制备取向硅钢中辅助抑制剂的可行性.研究表明,在所冶炼的含钒钛取向硅钢的成分范围内,Ti N在钢液凝固末期便具备析出的热力学条件,而Al N与VN只可能在凝固后的α+γ或α+Fe3C两相区内析出.含钒钛取向硅钢中氮化物析出相以成分复杂的复合析出相为主,且随着钒钛加入量的增加,钢中抑制剂析出相总的分布密度由于含钒钛元素的氮化物析出相的增加而明显提高,使抑制剂抑制初次再结晶晶粒正常长大的能力得以加强,最终成品的磁感应强度值B8由1.857 T提升至1.898 T.同时,加入不高于0.007%的Ti与不高于0.005%的V不会影响中间脱碳退火工序的脱碳效果以及高温退火净化阶段硫、氮的脱除效果,其形成的含钒钛元素的纳米级氮化物析出相适合作为薄板坯连铸连轧流程制备取向硅钢的辅助抑制剂.     

X100管线钢的组织性能

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等研究了X100管线钢的力学性能、显微组织、晶粒取向及析出物.实验结果表明,采用控轧控冷两阶段轧制工艺轧制出实验钢平均屈服强度达到724 MPa,屈强比0.87,夏比冲击功在-60℃仍有255J,韧脆转变温度在-60℃以下.平均有效晶粒尺寸为2.43μm,大角度晶界占78.8%,尺寸在10 nm左右的析出物与位错相互缠结起到了良好的析出强化作用.     

Mechanism of generation of large (Ti,Nb,V)(C,N)-type precipitates in H13 + Nb tool steel

The characteristics and generation mechanism of (Ti,Nb,V)(C,N) precipitates larger than 2 μm in Nb-containing H13 bar steel were studied. The results show that two types of (Ti,Nb,V)(C,N) phases exist—a Ti-V-rich one and an Nb-rich one—in the form of single or complex precipitates. The sizes of the single Ti-V-rich (Ti,Nb,V)(C,N) precipitates are mostly within 5 to 10 μm, whereas the sizes of the single Nb-rich precipitates are mostly 2–5 μm. The complex precipitates are larger and contain an inner Ti-V-rich layer and an outer Nb-rich layer. The compositional distribution of (Ti,Nb,V)(C,N) is concentrated. The average composition of the single Ti-V-rich phase is (Ti_0.511V_0.356Nb_0.133)(C_xN_y), whereas that for the single Nb-rich phase is (Ti_0.061V_0.263Nb_0.676)(C_xN_y). The calculation results based on the Scheil–Gulliver model in the Thermo-Calc software combining with the thermal stability experiments show that the large phases precipitate during the solidification process. With the development of solidification, the Ti-V-rich phase precipitates first and becomes homogeneous during the subsequent temperature reduction and heat treatment processes. The Nb-rich phase appears later.     

2205双相不锈钢中σ相的析出规律

2205双相不锈钢经过1300℃固溶处理和不同程度的冷轧变形后,在不同温度下保温不同时间后水冷.利用金相显微镜和透射电镜观察试样的组织,用 Image Tool 软件分析组织中σ相的含量,研究2205双相不锈钢中σ相的析出规律.在950℃保温,当冷轧变形量从50%增大到85%时,σ相析出时间从30 min 缩短为3 min.冷轧变形量为85%的试样,在950℃保温,当保温时间从3 min 延长至30 min 时,σ相的体积分数从1.2%增大到11.8% .在 875~950℃保温5 min 后,当温度从875升高至950℃时,σ相的体积分数从8.9%降低至3.6%;在975℃保温5 min 后,组织中不存在 σ相.     

Recent progress in third-generation low alloy steels developed under M^3 microstructure control

During the past thirty years, two generations of low alloy steels(ferrite/pearlite followed by bainite/martensite) have been developed and widely used in structural applications. The third-generation of low alloy steels is expected to achieve high strength and improved ductility and toughness, while satisfying the new demands for weight reduction, greenness, and safety. This paper reviews recent progress in the development of third-generation low alloy steels with an M^3 microstructure, namely, microstructures with multi-phase, meta-stable austenite, and multi-scale precipitates. The review summarizes the alloy designs and processing routes of microstructure control, and the mechanical properties of the alloys.The stabilization of retained austenite in low alloy steels is especially emphasized. Multi-scale nano-precipitates, including carbides of microalloying elements and Cu-rich precipitates obtained in third-generation low alloy steels, are then introduced. The structure–property relationships of third-generation alloys are also discussed. Finally, the promises and challenges to future applications are explored.     

700℃以上超超临界电站锅炉过热器管材用典型镍基合金的平衡析出相规律

利用热力学计算软件Thermo--Calc及镍基合金数据库,计算了三种700℃以上超超临界电站用过热器管道材料Inconel740、Inconel617和GH2984合金的热力学平衡相图,并对比了三种材料主要析出相的析出行为.计算结果表明:三种合金主要的析出相包括γ、γ'、碳化物、σ、η、δ、μ及α--Cr等,凝固过程中Mo、Nb和Ti元素偏析严重,会降低合金的初熔点,因此后期均匀化退火处理十分重要.另一方面,750℃时Inconel740合金γ'相析出量大于另外两种合金,并且Al和Ti含量对γ'相和η相析出行为有较大影响.碳化物的计算表明,Inconel617合金一次碳化物与另两种合金不同,并且其二次碳化物的析出温度范围最大.GH2984合金中Fe含量较大时会导致σ相出现,对合金的性能产生不利影响.     

700 MPa冷轧低合金超高强钢的典型连续退火工艺

为了开发新一代冷轧低合金超高强钢,利用连续退火实验机对Ti-0.12%、Nb-0.076%的冷轧低合金超高强钢进行连续退火实验,设计了760~830℃四种不同退火温度,研究了退火温度对实验钢的相组成、晶粒尺寸和力学性能的影响.在800℃退火、400℃过时效的条件下,可得到铁素体和少量贝氏体的组织,铁素体晶粒尺寸约为1.4μm,屈服强度可达700 MPa.同时利用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察到钢中存在大量纳米尺寸的亚晶结构、少量位错以及纳米级的Ti、Nb的析出物,这些微结构单元对强度有较大的提升作用.