Comparison of the mechanisms of microwave roasting and conventional roasting and of their effects on vanadium extraction from stone coal

Experiments comparing microwave blank roasting and conventional blank roasting for typical vanadium-bearing stone coal from Hubei Province in central China, in which vanadium is present in muscovite, were conducted to investigate the effects of roasting temperature, roasting time, H₂SO₄ concentration, and leaching time on vanadium extraction. The results show that the vanadium leaching efficiency is 84% when the sample is roasted at 800℃ for 30 min by microwave irradiation and the H₂SO₄ concentration, liquid/solid ratio, leaching temperature, and leaching time are set as 20vol%, 1.5:1 mL·g-1, 95℃, and 8 h, respectively. However, the vanadium leaching efficiency achieved for the sample subjected to conventional roasting at 900℃ for 60 min is just 71% under the same leaching conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the microwave roasted samples contain more cracks and that the particles are more porous compared to the conventionally roasted samples. According to the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses, neither of these roasting methods could completely destroy the mica lattice structure under the experimental conditions; however, both methods deformed the muscovite structure and facilitated the leaching process. Comparing with conventional roasting, microwave roasting causes a greater deformation of the mineral structure at a lower temperature for a shorter roasting time.     

铜粉粒径对烧结式热管传热性能的影响

为了进一步优化烧结式吸液芯的结构,提高热管的热传导性能与效率,研究了外径分别为5、6、8mm和吸液芯厚度为0.5～0.6 mm的热管的传热特性,结果发现:铜粉粒径分布比较集中时,如果其平均粒径增大,吸液芯的孔隙率和热管的极限传输功率(MHTP)均会增大,热管的冷凝端温差及总热阻则略微减小;不同粒径范围的铜粉混合时,热管的冷凝端温差及总热阻在不同外径的热管内的变化规律不同;含70%小粒径铜粉的烧结式热管的MHTP最小,且粒径越小MHTP越低;含70%大粒径铜粉的烧结式热管的MHTP仅次于全部为大粒径铜粉的烧结式热管的MHTP;铜粉粒径的范围越小,热管的性能越优,平均粒径为(165±15)μm的铜粉适合于制作薄壁烧结式热管.     

羰基铁粉的C含量对磁流变弹性体磁流变效应的影响

磁流变弹性体是磁流变液的一种固体模拟,目前的磁流变弹性体普遍存在磁流变效应不高的问题,限制了它在工程上的应用。针对羰基铁粉中C元素含量对羰基铁粉最大磁导率的影响,从而研究羰基铁粉C含量对磁流变弹性体磁流变效应的影响。采用硅橡胶为基体和具有不同C含量的羰基铁粉制备同组分磁流变弹性体,通过改进的动态机械分析仪来测试所制备样品的磁致模量,最后的实验数据分析结果表明,羰基铁粉的C含量越低,所制备的磁流变弹性体的磁流变效应越高。     

Experimental study of laser direct cladding of Zr02 coating on titanium substrate

采用激光同轴送粉工艺在钛基体上直接熔覆ZrO。陶瓷涂层,研究不同工艺参数对单道熔覆层熔覆质量的影响规律;采用光学显微镜观察陶瓷涂层的微观组织,并采用电子探针技术分析基体和zrO：陶瓷结合区成分分布;利用XRD分析激光熔覆前后zroz陶瓷物相变化情况．结果表明：在一定的功率范围内,熔覆层宽度受激光功率的影响不大,熔覆层高度和基体熔化深度随工艺参数的变化呈现一定的规律性;ZrO。和Ti基体结合区形成很好的成分梯度渐变过渡,陶瓷微观组织为细小的枝状晶组织;激光熔覆ZrOz陶瓷后,单斜相（m相）衍射峰强度相对减弱．     

钛基体激光直接熔覆ZrO 2涂层实验研究

采用激光同轴送粉工艺在钛基体上直接熔覆ZrO2陶瓷涂层,研究不同工艺参数对单道熔覆层熔覆质量的影响规律;采用光学显微镜观察陶瓷涂层的微观组织,并采用电子探针技术分析基体和ZrO2陶瓷结合区成分分布;利用XRD分析激光熔覆前后ZrO2陶瓷物相变化情况.结果表明:在一定的功率范围内,熔覆层宽度受激光功率的影响不大,熔覆层高度和基体熔化深度随工艺参数的变化呈现一定的规律性;ZrO2和Ti基体结合区形成很好的成分梯度渐变过渡,陶瓷微观组织为细小的枝状晶组织;激光熔覆ZrO2陶瓷后,单斜相(m相)衍射峰强度相对减弱.     

橡胶粉与岩沥青复合干法改性高模量沥青混合料试验研究

为探明不同粒度特征的橡胶粉等量替换布敦岩沥青(BRA)对改性沥青混合料路用性能的影响,采用干法改性工艺拌制Sup-13型沥青混合料,开展了残留稳定度试验、冻融劈裂试验、车辙试验、低温劈裂试验和小梁弯曲试验。结果表明:采用较细粒度的橡胶粉相对较粗粒度的橡胶粉,可减小橡胶粉等量替换部分BRA对沥青混合料残留稳定度和动稳定度的不利影响,并能明显提升改性沥青混合料的劈裂抗拉强度、冻融劈裂抗拉强度比和低温劈裂压缩模量,而低温劈裂压缩变形量有所降低;100目的橡胶粉等量替换BRA,使改性沥青混合料的动稳定度提升了21.2%,小梁低温弯曲的弯拉强度和弯曲劲度模量分别提高了71.8%和87.5%。     

不同应变速率下Mg?B4C纳米复合材料的力学性能表征

Magnesium has wide application in industry. The main purpose of this investigation was to improve the properties of magnesium by reinforcing it using B₄C nanoparticles. The reinforced nanocomposites were fabricated using a powder compaction technique for 0, 1.5vol%, 3vol%, 5vol%, and 10vol% of B₄C. Powder compaction was conducted using a split Hopkinson bar (SHB), drop hammer (DH), and Instron to reach different compaction loading rates. The compressive stress–strain curves of the samples were captured from quasi-static and dynamic tests carried out using an Instron and split Hopkinson pressure bar, respectively. Results revealed that, to achieve the highest improvement in ultimate strength, the contents of B₄C were 1.5vol%, 3vol%, and 3vol% for Instron, DH, and SHB, respectively. These results also indicated that the effect of compaction type on the quasi-static strength of the samples was not as significant, although its effect on the dynamic strength of the samples was remarkable. The improvement in ultimate strength obtained from the quasi-static stress–strain curves of the samples (compared to pure Mg) varied from 9.9% for DH to 24% for SHB. The dynamic strength of the samples was improved (with respect to pure Mg) by 73%, 116%, and 141% for the specimens compacted by Instron, DH, and SHB, respectively. The improvement in strength was believed to be due to strengthening mechanisms, friction, adiabatic heating, and shock waves.     

离子渗铝的粉末冶金供铝源及其应用

本文提出了一种用粉末冶金制成的离子渗铝时的铝供给源,并用这种供铝源在辉光放电的条件下进行了渗铝研究。结果表明,该法渗入速度快,表面质量好。可在任何部位进行局部或整体渗入。     

用还原法合成氮化铝（ALN）粉末

本文从合成温度和保温时间讨论了对合成氮化铝(AlN)质量的影响,研究了由不同方法得到的Al_2O_3原料对合成AlN质量的影响.经x-射线衍射分析和电镜观察,结果表明:对于同一种原料,在保温时间一定,温度低于1900℃时,可得到质量较高的AlN粉末;在一定温度下,随保温时间的延长,合成AlN粉末的纯度也越来越高:由粒度小、纯度高的γ型及无定形态组成的Al_2O_3粉,在一定条件下合成质量好的AlN粉末.     

硅胶柱分离——氢化物发生原子吸收法测定铜粉中微量锡

本文提出了硅胶柱吸附,分离铜基体中微量锡,吸附回收率>98％,应用自制氢化物发生器,选用硝酸和酒石酸钾钠混合溶液为生成氢化锡的反应介质,此介质降低了酸度的影响,提高了方法的重复性和准确度,该法测定灵敏度为8.0×10~(-(?))μg/1％,相对标准偏差<4.0％,相对误差<10％。