Feature combination for classifying single-trial ECoG during motor imagery of different sessions

The input signals of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) may be either scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) or electrocorticogram (ECoG) recorded from subdural electrodes. To make BCIs practical, the classifiers for discriminating different brain states must have the ability of session-to-session transfer. This paper proposes an algorithm for classifying single-trial ECoG during motor imagery of different sessions. Three features, derived from two physiological phenomena, movement-related potentials (MRP) and event-related desynchronization (ERD), and extracted by common spatial subspace decomposition (CSSD) and waveform mean, are combined to perform classification tasks. The specific signal processing methods utilized are described in detail. The algorithm was successfully applied to Data Set I of BCI Competition III, and achieved a classification accuracy of 91% on test set.     

An ERP study for the degrees of the difficulty in visual search

The present study mainly probed the relationships between ERP components and the degrees of difficulty in visual search. Three experimental and one controlled conditions were randomly selected. Results showed that the P1, N1, and P2 amplitudes and latencies had no significant differences among the three experimental and one controlled conditions, and the ERP waveforms of low perceptual load of visual search were different from that of high perceptual load. These results might indicate that the latencies and amplitudes of initial P1, N1 and P2 in high and low perceptual load conditions were almost the same. The ERP waveforms of parallel search were very different from that of serial search, and the ERP waveforms of serial search were very similar. The P3 amplitudes increased as the degrees of the difficulty in visual search decreased.     

Executive inhibition in mental arithmetic

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured to investigate the executive inhibitory processes in mental arithmetic. Subjects had to compute arithmetic expressions visually presented in four chunks. ERP analyses were conducted for the second chunk comparing the “NoCalculate” to the “Calculate” conditions. In the Calculate condition subjects could compute intermediate results. In the NoCalculate condition subjects had to withhold the computation. The results showed a negative effect (N380) over frontocentral regions at about 380 ms, probably reflecting the calculation inhibition demand in the NoCalculate condition. In addition, the dN380 (NoCalculate-Calculate difference) was more pronounced in the right hemisphere, which is consistent with the findings of previous fMRI and PET studies that the right prefrontal cortex is closely associated with response inhibition. The results support the generalization of the frontocentral N2 as a neurobehavioral tool for investigating inhibitory executive control.     

An ERP study for the degrees of the difficulty in visual search

The present study mainly probed the relationships between ERP components and the degrees of difficulty in visual search. Three experimental and one controlled conditions were randomly selected. Results showed that the P1, N1, and P2 amplitudes and latencies had no significant differences among the three experimental and one controlled conditions, and the ERP waveforms of low perceptual load of visual search were different from that of high perceptual load. These results might indicate that the latencies and amplitudes of initial P1, N1 and P2 in high and low perceptual load conditions were almost the same. The ERP waveforms of parallel search were very different from that of serial search, and the ERP waveforms of serial search were very similar. The P3 amplitudes increased as the degrees of the difficulty in visual search decreased.     

基于视觉双特征的并行联合脑-机接口范式的研究

基于多特征的并行联合脑-机接口与单一特征脑-机接口相比,能利用更多信息和并行方式提高特征提取和系统执行效率。提出了一种基于稳态视觉诱发电位(SSVEP)和运动起始视觉诱发电位(MVEP)的双特征并行联合脑-机接口范式,通过设计3×3字符拼写范式,矩阵中纵列白色竖条按设定频率闪烁诱发SSVEP,横行中白色竖条随机运动诱发MVEP。实验表明,被试者关注目标字符时,两种特征脑电信号被同时诱发出来,并且对两种脑电信号进行特征识别能够检测出被试者选取的目标字符。联合范式并行的刺激编码方式有效节约了刺激诱发时间,为构建更为实用的联合脑-机接口提供了一种实现方法。     

杂多酸的电催化性质

从电催化的角度讨论了杂多酸的结构特性与电化学性质之间的关系,阐明了杂多酸的氧化还原电位可以通过从分子水平进行设计和改变它们结构中的中心原子、配位原子、反荷离子等来进行调节,并讨论了它们的电催化作用.     

基于独立分量分析的失匹配负波快速提取

失匹配负波(MM N)是一种由刺激变化所诱发的听觉诱发电位成分,其过低的信噪比造成检测和提取比较困难。提出利用独立分量分析(ICA)方法对多导听觉诱发电位信号进行多次分解,根据MM N产生的生理机制及其信号特征,设计合理的独立分量选取原则,提取MM N。该方法通过仿真实验验证,能有效提高信噪比。在真实数据的处理中,仅用传统方法20%左右的实验时间,实现MM N成分波的提取。这将促进MM N在认知神经科学及临床上的应用。     

Effects of self evaluation on late ERP components

High-density event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured when participants were required to evaluate oneself, significant others (father and mother) and the most familiar public figures (Lei Feng and Jiang Qing) based on trait adjectives. There were three referential conditions and a non-referential control condition including self-evaluation (SE), significant other-evaluation (SOE), general other-evaluation (GOE), and semantic positivity-evaluation (SPE). The behavioral data showed that RTs to GOE condition were longer than the other three conditions. Scalp ERP analysis revealed that (1) SPE condition elicited a more negative N2 than SE condition, which was associated with inhibition of responses; (2) SE condition elicited a more positive P300 than SPE condition, which was an index of attention to self-relevant stimuli; (3) there was no difference on the amplitude and latency of P300 between SE and SOE conditions, which reflected that the concept of “self” included intimate others (e.g., father and mother) in Chinese culture.     

On mathematical arbitrariness of some papers on the potential homologous linear rule investigation

The history of homologous linear rule investigation is reviewed simply. The author puts forward a problem worth paying attention to in the recent potential homologous linear rule investigation, especially some mistakes made in these investigations on mathematical foundations. The author also exposes the mathematical arbitrariness of some papers on their potential homologous linear rule investigation.     

An atomistic simulation of site preference and vibrational properties of UMxAl12-x （M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cr and Mn） and UMxAl1z-xHx

A series of lattice inversion pair potentials are used to evaluate the phase stability and site preference for uranium intermetallics UMxAl12-x (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cr and Mn) and their related hydrides. Calculated results show that Fe, Co, Ni, Cr or Mn atoms preferentially substitute Al at the 8f site. Interstitial H atoms only occupy 2b interstitial sites in UMxAl12-x. Calculated lattice constants are found to agree with a report in the literature. Elastic constants and bulk modulus of UMxAl12-x and UMxAl12-xH were also investigated. In particular, the phonon densities of states (DOS) of these actinide compounds were evaluated for the first time.